Psychology (Lifespan Development) -
Final Exam Study Guide with verified
answers
NATURE/NURTURE - Explain the major issue addressed in the model of development. - correct answer
✔✔Nature/Nurture:
The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the
development of psychological traits and behaviors.
ACTIVITY/PASSIVITY - Explain the major issue addressed in the model of development. - correct answer
✔✔Activity/Passivity:
Focuses on the extent to which human beings are active in creating and influencing their own
environment and in producing their own development, or are passively shaped by forces beyond their
control.
CONTINUITY/DISCONTINUITY - Explain the major issue addressed in the model of development. - correct
answer ✔✔Continuity/discontinuity:
Focuses on the extent to which development involves gradual, cumulative change (continuity) or distinct
stages (discontinuity).
UNIVERSALITY/CONTEXT-SPECIFIC - Explain the major issue addressed in the model of development. -
correct answer ✔✔Universality/Context-specific:
The extent to which developmental changes are common to all humans (universality) or are different
across cultures, subcultures, task contexts, and individuals (context-specific)
Explain the influence of SES on development. - correct answer ✔✔SES (socioeconomic status):
,Some research suggests that individuals from lower income families tend to reach milestones of
adulthood earlier
Explain the cohort effect. - correct answer ✔✔A cohort effect occur when a commonly aged group of
people in research indirectly affect results due to their common age-related influences.
*A cohort is a group of people who share a common identity in some way.
Explain cross-sectional research design. - correct answer ✔✔People of different ages are tested at the
same time and compared.
*Different age groups are cohorts
Explain longitudinal research design. - correct answer ✔✔Follows the development of the same group of
people over time.
*2 days, 2 weeks or 2 years
Explain sequential research design. - correct answer ✔✔-Combined groups from at least two cohorts
followed in a longitudinal study
-Comparison of cohorts while incorporating some degree of individual differences
*has both longitudinal and cross-section aspects
What are some challenges for conducting cross-cultural research? - correct answer ✔✔-Possibly being
biased (ethnocentrism)
-language barrier
-Validity (testing what you think your tasting), reliability (consistency)
-Cultural applicability/interpretation
, INFORMED CONSENT - Explain ethical guidelines for research. - correct answer ✔✔-Informed Consent
~awareness of study procedures, risks, and
benefits
*Must comply with APA ethics code
DEBRIEFING - Explain ethical guidelines for research. - correct answer ✔✔-Debriefing
~information at study's completion about its true
purpose
*Must comply with APA ethics code
SUGGEST RESOURCES - Explain ethical guidelines for research. - correct answer ✔✔-Suggest Resources
~Provide information relevant to participant's
experiences
*Must comply with APA ethics code
RIGHT TO WITHDRAW - Explain ethical guidelines for research. - correct answer ✔✔-Right to withdraw
~Participants can withdraw without penalty
*Must comply with APA ethics code
CONFIDENTIALITY OF DATA - Explain ethical guidelines for research. - correct answer ✔✔-Confidentiality
of data
~Participant will not be identifiable in published
reports and data will be securely stored
*Must comply with APA ethics code
Final Exam Study Guide with verified
answers
NATURE/NURTURE - Explain the major issue addressed in the model of development. - correct answer
✔✔Nature/Nurture:
The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the
development of psychological traits and behaviors.
ACTIVITY/PASSIVITY - Explain the major issue addressed in the model of development. - correct answer
✔✔Activity/Passivity:
Focuses on the extent to which human beings are active in creating and influencing their own
environment and in producing their own development, or are passively shaped by forces beyond their
control.
CONTINUITY/DISCONTINUITY - Explain the major issue addressed in the model of development. - correct
answer ✔✔Continuity/discontinuity:
Focuses on the extent to which development involves gradual, cumulative change (continuity) or distinct
stages (discontinuity).
UNIVERSALITY/CONTEXT-SPECIFIC - Explain the major issue addressed in the model of development. -
correct answer ✔✔Universality/Context-specific:
The extent to which developmental changes are common to all humans (universality) or are different
across cultures, subcultures, task contexts, and individuals (context-specific)
Explain the influence of SES on development. - correct answer ✔✔SES (socioeconomic status):
,Some research suggests that individuals from lower income families tend to reach milestones of
adulthood earlier
Explain the cohort effect. - correct answer ✔✔A cohort effect occur when a commonly aged group of
people in research indirectly affect results due to their common age-related influences.
*A cohort is a group of people who share a common identity in some way.
Explain cross-sectional research design. - correct answer ✔✔People of different ages are tested at the
same time and compared.
*Different age groups are cohorts
Explain longitudinal research design. - correct answer ✔✔Follows the development of the same group of
people over time.
*2 days, 2 weeks or 2 years
Explain sequential research design. - correct answer ✔✔-Combined groups from at least two cohorts
followed in a longitudinal study
-Comparison of cohorts while incorporating some degree of individual differences
*has both longitudinal and cross-section aspects
What are some challenges for conducting cross-cultural research? - correct answer ✔✔-Possibly being
biased (ethnocentrism)
-language barrier
-Validity (testing what you think your tasting), reliability (consistency)
-Cultural applicability/interpretation
, INFORMED CONSENT - Explain ethical guidelines for research. - correct answer ✔✔-Informed Consent
~awareness of study procedures, risks, and
benefits
*Must comply with APA ethics code
DEBRIEFING - Explain ethical guidelines for research. - correct answer ✔✔-Debriefing
~information at study's completion about its true
purpose
*Must comply with APA ethics code
SUGGEST RESOURCES - Explain ethical guidelines for research. - correct answer ✔✔-Suggest Resources
~Provide information relevant to participant's
experiences
*Must comply with APA ethics code
RIGHT TO WITHDRAW - Explain ethical guidelines for research. - correct answer ✔✔-Right to withdraw
~Participants can withdraw without penalty
*Must comply with APA ethics code
CONFIDENTIALITY OF DATA - Explain ethical guidelines for research. - correct answer ✔✔-Confidentiality
of data
~Participant will not be identifiable in published
reports and data will be securely stored
*Must comply with APA ethics code
