Cal Poly SLO BMED 510 Midterm
Questions with complete solution
Identify and describe at least 3 currently utilized clinical strategies for treating
patients with tissue dysfunction - correct answer - lifestyle modifications (PT,
diet etc.)
- drugs
- devices (implantable (pacemaker), extracorporeal (ventilator), assistive tech
(cane))
- surgery (repair/replacement)
Compare and Contrast specific approaches that are available for treating a
patient with dysfunction of skeletal muscle tissue - correct answer - lifestyle
change: requires patient to change their life habits, may not cure patient
- drugs: potential side effects, may not treat root issue, does not involve
drastic life change
- devices: may assist but not cure issue, may be rejected by bidy
- surgery: more risky
current standard of care options are cheaper and accessible, but they are not
customizable and may result in decrease QualoLife
Outline basic tissue engineering techniques for creating replacement skeletal
muscle tissue - correct answer cells + BM + BR= implantable skeletal muscle
tissue
Ex1: rat myoblasts + fibrin gel + dish
Ex2: myoblasts + laminin dish + spinal cord explants (coculture)
,Ex3: myoblasts + fibrinogen hydrogel + in vivo around vessels
(vascularization)
Justify the clinical use of tissue engineered construct for treating disease or
dysfunction - correct answer TE products have the ability to be autologous
and customizable and allow for patient-specific therapy. There is also
shortage of organ donors
TE products may allow for a complete cure of a previous life-threatening
ailment
Explain the defining properties of stem cells and discuss the ways in which
stem cell biology is important for tissue engineering - correct answer - ability
to self renew
- ability to differentiate
- unspecialized function
- SC's can be a cell source for tissue engineering as they can self-renew and
differentiate into the desired cell type we need through culture conditions/BR
stimuli
- cells can be DEdiff, REdiff and TRANSdiff to produce the phenotype we
desire
Briefly summarize tissue formation in the embryo and relate this knowledge to
goals and methods in the field of tissue engineering - correct answer fertilized
egg-> cell cleavage (8 cells)-> 1ST DIFF into blastocyst = ICM (creates
embryo) + trophectoderm (creates placenta)-> uterus implantation-> 2ND
DIFF into gastrula (gastrulation)-> form three germ layers (endo, meso,
ectoderm)
, Identify different cell TYPES and be able to compare and contrast advantages
and disadvantages of each - correct answer - ESC's: pluripotent but ethical
concerns
- adult SCs: (MSCs, endothelial progenitor, satellite cells) high differentiation
potential but expensive and hard to isolate
- iPSCs: pluripotent but other ethical concerns, may not function same as
endogenous pluripotent
- differentiated cell types: (chondrocytes, keratinocytes, hepatocytes) low diff
potential but easier to isolate
Identify different cell SOURCES and be able to compare and contrast
advantages and disadvantages of each - correct answer - autologous direct
tissue of interest (may have same disease we are trying to cure but will not
induce foreign body response (FBR))
- autologous alternate tissue (may not have cell type/phenotype we need)
- allogenic direct tissue (healthy cells but may induce foreign body response
- xenogenic source (may not have same functioning proteins, foreign body
response)
- autologous stem cells (may be diseased)
- allogenic stem cells (may induce FBR)
Provide examples of approaches for isolating cells and for inducing or
maintaining proper cell function - correct answer -biopsy: mechanical
(mincing), enzymatic (collagenase) or centrifugal digestion
- purification (sorting/beads)
Cells must be given proper conditions to remain viable and proliferate:
- proper conditions (media, pH, temp, GF/TF)
- contaminant free using aseptic technique
Questions with complete solution
Identify and describe at least 3 currently utilized clinical strategies for treating
patients with tissue dysfunction - correct answer - lifestyle modifications (PT,
diet etc.)
- drugs
- devices (implantable (pacemaker), extracorporeal (ventilator), assistive tech
(cane))
- surgery (repair/replacement)
Compare and Contrast specific approaches that are available for treating a
patient with dysfunction of skeletal muscle tissue - correct answer - lifestyle
change: requires patient to change their life habits, may not cure patient
- drugs: potential side effects, may not treat root issue, does not involve
drastic life change
- devices: may assist but not cure issue, may be rejected by bidy
- surgery: more risky
current standard of care options are cheaper and accessible, but they are not
customizable and may result in decrease QualoLife
Outline basic tissue engineering techniques for creating replacement skeletal
muscle tissue - correct answer cells + BM + BR= implantable skeletal muscle
tissue
Ex1: rat myoblasts + fibrin gel + dish
Ex2: myoblasts + laminin dish + spinal cord explants (coculture)
,Ex3: myoblasts + fibrinogen hydrogel + in vivo around vessels
(vascularization)
Justify the clinical use of tissue engineered construct for treating disease or
dysfunction - correct answer TE products have the ability to be autologous
and customizable and allow for patient-specific therapy. There is also
shortage of organ donors
TE products may allow for a complete cure of a previous life-threatening
ailment
Explain the defining properties of stem cells and discuss the ways in which
stem cell biology is important for tissue engineering - correct answer - ability
to self renew
- ability to differentiate
- unspecialized function
- SC's can be a cell source for tissue engineering as they can self-renew and
differentiate into the desired cell type we need through culture conditions/BR
stimuli
- cells can be DEdiff, REdiff and TRANSdiff to produce the phenotype we
desire
Briefly summarize tissue formation in the embryo and relate this knowledge to
goals and methods in the field of tissue engineering - correct answer fertilized
egg-> cell cleavage (8 cells)-> 1ST DIFF into blastocyst = ICM (creates
embryo) + trophectoderm (creates placenta)-> uterus implantation-> 2ND
DIFF into gastrula (gastrulation)-> form three germ layers (endo, meso,
ectoderm)
, Identify different cell TYPES and be able to compare and contrast advantages
and disadvantages of each - correct answer - ESC's: pluripotent but ethical
concerns
- adult SCs: (MSCs, endothelial progenitor, satellite cells) high differentiation
potential but expensive and hard to isolate
- iPSCs: pluripotent but other ethical concerns, may not function same as
endogenous pluripotent
- differentiated cell types: (chondrocytes, keratinocytes, hepatocytes) low diff
potential but easier to isolate
Identify different cell SOURCES and be able to compare and contrast
advantages and disadvantages of each - correct answer - autologous direct
tissue of interest (may have same disease we are trying to cure but will not
induce foreign body response (FBR))
- autologous alternate tissue (may not have cell type/phenotype we need)
- allogenic direct tissue (healthy cells but may induce foreign body response
- xenogenic source (may not have same functioning proteins, foreign body
response)
- autologous stem cells (may be diseased)
- allogenic stem cells (may induce FBR)
Provide examples of approaches for isolating cells and for inducing or
maintaining proper cell function - correct answer -biopsy: mechanical
(mincing), enzymatic (collagenase) or centrifugal digestion
- purification (sorting/beads)
Cells must be given proper conditions to remain viable and proliferate:
- proper conditions (media, pH, temp, GF/TF)
- contaminant free using aseptic technique
