PATH 1016 TEST 2 REVIEW STUDY SET WITH 100%
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS!!
Tunica intima - ANSWER smooth inner layer; composed of simple squamous epithelium
tunica media - ANSWER middle layer; composed of elastic connective tissues and
smooth muscle
tunica externa - ANSWER outer layer, composed of collagen connective tissues.
endothelium cells - ANSWER plays an important role in controlling vascular function,
metabolism of hormones and regulate immune and inflammatory reactions.
endothelium cells - ANSWER controls the transfers of molecules, regulating blood flow
and vascular resistance, and control platelet adhesion and blood clotting.
angiogenesis - ANSWER formation of new blood vessels
Endothelium cells controls: - ANSWER Oxygen, Na,K Cl
Endothelium cells regulates vascular resistance by: - ANSWER signalling outer
muscular layer to relax- Nitrous Oxide.
Endothelium cells: Adhesion and blood clotting - ANSWER they are slick like silicon to
let blood flow.
,Endothelium cells: Metabolism - ANSWER Insulin production signalling when
increasing glucose levels.
Exogenous lipid pathway - ANSWER absorption of fats from the digestive tract into the
circulation
Endogenous lipid pathway - ANSWER transportation of fats synthesized in the liver b/w
the liver and the peripheral tissues
Hyperlipidemia - ANSWER excessive amounts of lipids in the blood
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - ANSWER good cholesterol synthesized by the liver
and transports cholesterol back to the liver from the periphery.
low-density lipoprotein (LDL) - ANSWER "bad cholesterol" in the blood, which raises
the risk of cardiovascular disease, and atherosclerotic lesions
hypercholesteremia - ANSWER increased levels of cholesterol in the blood.
management of hyperlipidemia - ANSWER reduce LDL; Pt will need to increase
consumption of unsaturated fats that increases HDL's, pt can exercise and they can
take medications and supplements such as statins, niacin, bile acid resins, fibrates and
omega 3 fish oil.
Major risk for CAD include: - ANSWER smoking, hypertension, Diabetes and family h/x
atherosclerosis - ANSWER affects vascular system and the means formation of
fibro-fatty lesions in the intimal lining of large and medium sized arteries.
atherosclerosis - ANSWER accumulation of fat deposits inside of arteries, making
them more narrow, affecting arteries including the aorta, coronary arteries and
, cerebral arteries and a loading cause of CAD, stroke, peripheral arterial disease.
atherosclerosis: constitutional risk factors - ANSWER cannot be changed, it is caused
by increasing age, and genetic disorders of lipid metabolism. Also male person is at risk
and if there is a family history of CAD.
atherosclerosis: potential modifiable risk factors - ANSWER pt who smokes, has
hypertension, diabetes, obesity and. hyperlipidemia.
Endothelial injury - ANSWER vascular endothelium protects sub endothelial layers
from interacting with blood cells or other blood components
Endothelial injury - ANSWER injury to a blood vessel due to adhesion of monocytes and
platelets caused by smoking, high LDL, and mechanical stress from hypertension.
migration of inflammation - ANSWER endothelial cells release selective adhesion
molecules that bind monocyte and other inflammatory cells that initiate atherosclerotic
lesions
migration of inflammation - ANSWER monocytes adhere to endothelium, then migrate
b/w the endothelial cells to stay in the intimal, and transforms into macrophages and
engulf LDLS
lipid accumulation and smooth muscle proliferation - ANSWER activates macrophages
release toxic oxygen species that oxidize LDLs
clinical manifestation of atherosclerosis - ANSWER depends on vessel involved and
the extent of vessel occlusion and cerebral vascular versus cardiac disorder
stable plaque - ANSWER Thick fibrous caps, partially block vessels, doesn't usually
form emboli
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS!!
Tunica intima - ANSWER smooth inner layer; composed of simple squamous epithelium
tunica media - ANSWER middle layer; composed of elastic connective tissues and
smooth muscle
tunica externa - ANSWER outer layer, composed of collagen connective tissues.
endothelium cells - ANSWER plays an important role in controlling vascular function,
metabolism of hormones and regulate immune and inflammatory reactions.
endothelium cells - ANSWER controls the transfers of molecules, regulating blood flow
and vascular resistance, and control platelet adhesion and blood clotting.
angiogenesis - ANSWER formation of new blood vessels
Endothelium cells controls: - ANSWER Oxygen, Na,K Cl
Endothelium cells regulates vascular resistance by: - ANSWER signalling outer
muscular layer to relax- Nitrous Oxide.
Endothelium cells: Adhesion and blood clotting - ANSWER they are slick like silicon to
let blood flow.
,Endothelium cells: Metabolism - ANSWER Insulin production signalling when
increasing glucose levels.
Exogenous lipid pathway - ANSWER absorption of fats from the digestive tract into the
circulation
Endogenous lipid pathway - ANSWER transportation of fats synthesized in the liver b/w
the liver and the peripheral tissues
Hyperlipidemia - ANSWER excessive amounts of lipids in the blood
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - ANSWER good cholesterol synthesized by the liver
and transports cholesterol back to the liver from the periphery.
low-density lipoprotein (LDL) - ANSWER "bad cholesterol" in the blood, which raises
the risk of cardiovascular disease, and atherosclerotic lesions
hypercholesteremia - ANSWER increased levels of cholesterol in the blood.
management of hyperlipidemia - ANSWER reduce LDL; Pt will need to increase
consumption of unsaturated fats that increases HDL's, pt can exercise and they can
take medications and supplements such as statins, niacin, bile acid resins, fibrates and
omega 3 fish oil.
Major risk for CAD include: - ANSWER smoking, hypertension, Diabetes and family h/x
atherosclerosis - ANSWER affects vascular system and the means formation of
fibro-fatty lesions in the intimal lining of large and medium sized arteries.
atherosclerosis - ANSWER accumulation of fat deposits inside of arteries, making
them more narrow, affecting arteries including the aorta, coronary arteries and
, cerebral arteries and a loading cause of CAD, stroke, peripheral arterial disease.
atherosclerosis: constitutional risk factors - ANSWER cannot be changed, it is caused
by increasing age, and genetic disorders of lipid metabolism. Also male person is at risk
and if there is a family history of CAD.
atherosclerosis: potential modifiable risk factors - ANSWER pt who smokes, has
hypertension, diabetes, obesity and. hyperlipidemia.
Endothelial injury - ANSWER vascular endothelium protects sub endothelial layers
from interacting with blood cells or other blood components
Endothelial injury - ANSWER injury to a blood vessel due to adhesion of monocytes and
platelets caused by smoking, high LDL, and mechanical stress from hypertension.
migration of inflammation - ANSWER endothelial cells release selective adhesion
molecules that bind monocyte and other inflammatory cells that initiate atherosclerotic
lesions
migration of inflammation - ANSWER monocytes adhere to endothelium, then migrate
b/w the endothelial cells to stay in the intimal, and transforms into macrophages and
engulf LDLS
lipid accumulation and smooth muscle proliferation - ANSWER activates macrophages
release toxic oxygen species that oxidize LDLs
clinical manifestation of atherosclerosis - ANSWER depends on vessel involved and
the extent of vessel occlusion and cerebral vascular versus cardiac disorder
stable plaque - ANSWER Thick fibrous caps, partially block vessels, doesn't usually
form emboli
