PATH 1016 TEST 3 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
100% VERIFIED!!
The primary source of energy for the body is ________.
Glucose
Because the ______ can neither synthesize nor store more than a few minutes' supply of
glucose, normal cerebral function requires a continuous supply from the circulation.
Brain
Severe and prolonged ________ can cause brain death.
Hypoglycemia
Glucose that is not needed for energy is removed from the blood and stored as ________
or converted to fat.
Glycogen
When blood glucose levels fall below normal, as they do between meals, a process
called _______ breaks down glycogen, and glucose is released.
Glycogenolysis
In addition to mobilizing glycogen stores, the liver synthesizes glucose from amino
acids, glycerol, and lactic acid in a process called _______.
Gluconeogenesis
Fat is the most efficient form of fuel storage, providing ____ kcal/g of stored energy,
compared with the ______ kcal/g provided by carbohydrates and proteins.
9, 4
,________ are essential for the formation of all body structures, including genes,
enzymes, contractile structures in muscle, matrix of bone, and hemoglobin of red blood
cells.
Proteins
Because _________ cannot be converted to glucose, the body must break down ______
and use the amino acids as a major substrate for gluconeogenesis during periods when
metabolic needs exceed food intake.
Fatty acids, proteins
Because cell membranes are impermeable to glucose, they require a special carrier,
called a __________, to move glucose from the blood into the cell.
Glucose transporter
______ is the insulin-dependent glucose transporter for skeletal muscle and adipose
tissue.
GLUT-4
_______ maintains blood glucose between meals and during periods of fasting.
Glucagon
The most dramatic effect of glucagon is its ability to initiate ______ and ________.
Glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis
The secretion of growth hormone normally is inhibited by _________ and increased levels
of blood glucose.
Insulin
_________ is a disorder of carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism resulting from an
,imbalance between insulin availability and insulin need.
Diabetes
A fasting plasma glucose of ______ or a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test result of
_______ is considered normal.
Less than 100 mg/dL, 140 mg/dL
________ diabetes mellitus is characterized by destruction of the pancreatic beta cells.
Type 1
The term _______ type 1B diabetes is used to describe those cases of beta-cell
destruction in which no evidence of autoimmunity is present.
Idiopathic
________ diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous condition that describes the presence of
hyperglycemia in association with relative insulin deficiency.
Type 2
Insulin _______ initially stimulates an increase in insulin secretion, often to a level of
modest hyperinsulinemia, as the beta cells attempt to maintain a normal blood glucose
level.
Resistance
While the insulin resistance seen in persons with type 2 diabetes can be caused by a
number of factors, it is strongly associated with _________ and ________.
Obesity, physical inactivity
A major factor in persons with the metabolic syndrome that leads to type 2 diabetes is
_________.
Obesity
, ___________ diabetes mellitus refers to any degree of glucose intolerance that is first
detected during pregnancy.
Gestational
The ________ plasma glucose has been suggested as the preferred diagnostic because
of ease of administration, convenience, patient acceptability, and cost.
Fasting
A ________ plasma glucose concentration is unequivocally elevated (_______ 200 mg/dL)
in the presence of classic symptoms of diabetes such as Polydipsia, Polyphagia,
Polyuria, and blurred vision is diagnostic of diabetes mellitus at any age.
Casual, greater than or equal to
In uncontrolled diabetes or diabetes with hyperglycemia, there is an increase in the
level of _________ in circulation.
Glycated hemoglobin
Type 1 diabetes mellitus always requires treatment with _________, and many people
with type 2 diabetes eventually require similar therapy.
Insulin
Diabetic ________ most commonly occurs in a person with type 1 diabetes, in whom the
lack of insulin leads to mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue because of the
unsuppressed adipose tissue lipase activity that breaks down triglycerides into fatty
acids and glycerol.
Ketoacidosis
The __________ is characterized by hyperglycemia (blood glucose >600 mg/dL),
hyperosmolarity (plasma osmolarity >310 mOsm/L) and dehydration, the absence of
100% VERIFIED!!
The primary source of energy for the body is ________.
Glucose
Because the ______ can neither synthesize nor store more than a few minutes' supply of
glucose, normal cerebral function requires a continuous supply from the circulation.
Brain
Severe and prolonged ________ can cause brain death.
Hypoglycemia
Glucose that is not needed for energy is removed from the blood and stored as ________
or converted to fat.
Glycogen
When blood glucose levels fall below normal, as they do between meals, a process
called _______ breaks down glycogen, and glucose is released.
Glycogenolysis
In addition to mobilizing glycogen stores, the liver synthesizes glucose from amino
acids, glycerol, and lactic acid in a process called _______.
Gluconeogenesis
Fat is the most efficient form of fuel storage, providing ____ kcal/g of stored energy,
compared with the ______ kcal/g provided by carbohydrates and proteins.
9, 4
,________ are essential for the formation of all body structures, including genes,
enzymes, contractile structures in muscle, matrix of bone, and hemoglobin of red blood
cells.
Proteins
Because _________ cannot be converted to glucose, the body must break down ______
and use the amino acids as a major substrate for gluconeogenesis during periods when
metabolic needs exceed food intake.
Fatty acids, proteins
Because cell membranes are impermeable to glucose, they require a special carrier,
called a __________, to move glucose from the blood into the cell.
Glucose transporter
______ is the insulin-dependent glucose transporter for skeletal muscle and adipose
tissue.
GLUT-4
_______ maintains blood glucose between meals and during periods of fasting.
Glucagon
The most dramatic effect of glucagon is its ability to initiate ______ and ________.
Glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis
The secretion of growth hormone normally is inhibited by _________ and increased levels
of blood glucose.
Insulin
_________ is a disorder of carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism resulting from an
,imbalance between insulin availability and insulin need.
Diabetes
A fasting plasma glucose of ______ or a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test result of
_______ is considered normal.
Less than 100 mg/dL, 140 mg/dL
________ diabetes mellitus is characterized by destruction of the pancreatic beta cells.
Type 1
The term _______ type 1B diabetes is used to describe those cases of beta-cell
destruction in which no evidence of autoimmunity is present.
Idiopathic
________ diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous condition that describes the presence of
hyperglycemia in association with relative insulin deficiency.
Type 2
Insulin _______ initially stimulates an increase in insulin secretion, often to a level of
modest hyperinsulinemia, as the beta cells attempt to maintain a normal blood glucose
level.
Resistance
While the insulin resistance seen in persons with type 2 diabetes can be caused by a
number of factors, it is strongly associated with _________ and ________.
Obesity, physical inactivity
A major factor in persons with the metabolic syndrome that leads to type 2 diabetes is
_________.
Obesity
, ___________ diabetes mellitus refers to any degree of glucose intolerance that is first
detected during pregnancy.
Gestational
The ________ plasma glucose has been suggested as the preferred diagnostic because
of ease of administration, convenience, patient acceptability, and cost.
Fasting
A ________ plasma glucose concentration is unequivocally elevated (_______ 200 mg/dL)
in the presence of classic symptoms of diabetes such as Polydipsia, Polyphagia,
Polyuria, and blurred vision is diagnostic of diabetes mellitus at any age.
Casual, greater than or equal to
In uncontrolled diabetes or diabetes with hyperglycemia, there is an increase in the
level of _________ in circulation.
Glycated hemoglobin
Type 1 diabetes mellitus always requires treatment with _________, and many people
with type 2 diabetes eventually require similar therapy.
Insulin
Diabetic ________ most commonly occurs in a person with type 1 diabetes, in whom the
lack of insulin leads to mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue because of the
unsuppressed adipose tissue lipase activity that breaks down triglycerides into fatty
acids and glycerol.
Ketoacidosis
The __________ is characterized by hyperglycemia (blood glucose >600 mg/dL),
hyperosmolarity (plasma osmolarity >310 mOsm/L) and dehydration, the absence of
