PATH 1016 DIABETES EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
100% VERIFIED!!
Pancreas - ANSWER An organ with exocrine and endocrine functions.
Exocrine Cells - ANSWER Cells that secrete digestive enzymes and bicarbonate into
the duodenum.
Endocrine Cells - ANSWER Cells that secrete insulin and glucagon for regulation of
blood glucose levels.
Islets of Langerhans - ANSWER Clusters of cells in the pancreas that contain
endocrine cells.
Gluconeogenesis - ANSWER Creation of glucose from sources other than
carbohydrates, such as proteins, glycerol, or lactate.
Glycogenesis - ANSWER Creation of glycogen, a carbohydrate that is easily
transformed into simple glucose.
Glycolysis - ANSWER The breakdown of glucose within an individual cell to release
energy in the form of ATP.
Glycogenolysis - ANSWER Breakdown of glycogen to simple glucose.
Insulin - ANSWER A hormone produced in the Beta cells of the pancreas that drives
glucose into the cells.
, Insulin Main Actions - ANSWER Promotes glucose uptake by target cells, prevents fat
breakdown, inhibits gluconeogenesis, and increases protein synthesis.
Glucagon - ANSWER A hormone made in the Alpha cells that raises blood glucose
levels when fasting.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - ANSWER Characterized by complete loss of insulin
production, typically occurring in individuals under 25 years of age.
Type 1A Diabetes Mellitus - ANSWER An autoimmune disorder involving T-lymphocyte
mediated hypersensitivity against beta cell antigens.
Type 1B Diabetes Mellitus - ANSWER Idiopathic diabetes with cases of beta cell
destruction and no evidence of autoimmunity.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - ANSWER Adult onset diabetes characterized by insulin
resistance, typically occurring in individuals over 25 years of age.
Metabolic Syndrome - ANSWER A syndrome characterized by abdominal obesity,
hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) - ANSWER Any degree of glucose intolerance that
begins during pregnancy, occurring in 5-10% of pregnancies.
Counter Regulatory Hormones - ANSWER Hormones that counteract the storage
functions of insulin to reduce serum glucose depletion.
Catecholamine - ANSWER Hormones that affect blood glucose levels, especially
during stress.
Insulin Resistance - ANSWER A condition where body cells do not respond effectively
100% VERIFIED!!
Pancreas - ANSWER An organ with exocrine and endocrine functions.
Exocrine Cells - ANSWER Cells that secrete digestive enzymes and bicarbonate into
the duodenum.
Endocrine Cells - ANSWER Cells that secrete insulin and glucagon for regulation of
blood glucose levels.
Islets of Langerhans - ANSWER Clusters of cells in the pancreas that contain
endocrine cells.
Gluconeogenesis - ANSWER Creation of glucose from sources other than
carbohydrates, such as proteins, glycerol, or lactate.
Glycogenesis - ANSWER Creation of glycogen, a carbohydrate that is easily
transformed into simple glucose.
Glycolysis - ANSWER The breakdown of glucose within an individual cell to release
energy in the form of ATP.
Glycogenolysis - ANSWER Breakdown of glycogen to simple glucose.
Insulin - ANSWER A hormone produced in the Beta cells of the pancreas that drives
glucose into the cells.
, Insulin Main Actions - ANSWER Promotes glucose uptake by target cells, prevents fat
breakdown, inhibits gluconeogenesis, and increases protein synthesis.
Glucagon - ANSWER A hormone made in the Alpha cells that raises blood glucose
levels when fasting.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - ANSWER Characterized by complete loss of insulin
production, typically occurring in individuals under 25 years of age.
Type 1A Diabetes Mellitus - ANSWER An autoimmune disorder involving T-lymphocyte
mediated hypersensitivity against beta cell antigens.
Type 1B Diabetes Mellitus - ANSWER Idiopathic diabetes with cases of beta cell
destruction and no evidence of autoimmunity.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - ANSWER Adult onset diabetes characterized by insulin
resistance, typically occurring in individuals over 25 years of age.
Metabolic Syndrome - ANSWER A syndrome characterized by abdominal obesity,
hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) - ANSWER Any degree of glucose intolerance that
begins during pregnancy, occurring in 5-10% of pregnancies.
Counter Regulatory Hormones - ANSWER Hormones that counteract the storage
functions of insulin to reduce serum glucose depletion.
Catecholamine - ANSWER Hormones that affect blood glucose levels, especially
during stress.
Insulin Resistance - ANSWER A condition where body cells do not respond effectively
