©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:27PM. A+
Bio 1500 Exam 4 Study Guide 100% Verified.
Genome - Answer✔the haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism, or in each
cell of a multicellular organism.
Chromatid - Answer✔each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides
longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA.
Sister Chromatids - Answer✔A sister chromatid refers to either of the two identical copies
(chromatids) formed by the replication of a single chromosome, with both copies joined
together by a common centromere.
Diploid - Answer✔(of a cell or nucleus) containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one
from each parent.
Haploid - Answer✔(of a cell or nucleus) having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.
Cell Cycle - Answer✔a series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides. A cell
spends most of its time in what is called interphase, and during this time it grows, replicates its
chromosomes, and prepares for cell division. The cell then leaves interphase, undergoes
mitosis, and completes its division.
Metaphase plate - Answer✔a plane cell section in the equatorial plane of the metaphase
spindle having the chromosomes oriented upon it.
Gametes - Answer✔a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with
another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.
Somatic Cells - Answer✔any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells.
Somatic cells - Answer✔any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells.
Aster - Answer✔a star-shaped structure formed during division of the nucleus of an animal cell.
Kinetochores - Answer✔the place on either side of the centromere to which the spindle fibers
are attached during cell division.
Types of cells in which mitosis occurs - Answer✔Somatic cells
1|Page
, ©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:27PM. A+
How does mitosis impact chromosome number of daughter cells compared to parental cells? -
Answer✔Retains the same number of chromosomes
2 Phases of the cell cycle before and after mitosis. - Answer✔G2 before and G1 after.
Where does the cell spend most of its time? Interphase or Mitosis? - Answer✔Interphase
What are the events that occur during Interphase? - Answer✔G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase
G1 phase - Answer✔During G1 phase, also called the first gap phase, the cell grows larger and
makes more of its ribosomes, organelles, and proteins. This phase ensures that division will
produce functional daughter cells, ones that are the right size and have all the parts they need.
If cells didn't grow before they divided, they would get smaller and smaller over generations,
eventually becoming too small to function properly. G1 phase begins when a cell is "born"—by
division of its mother—and ends with the onset of the next phase, S phase. In many cells, G1 is
the longest phase of the cell cycle.
S phase - Answer✔In order to divide, a cell also needs to make a copy of its genetic material,
allowing it to give one full set to each of its two daughter cells. To accomplish this, the cell
moves from G1 into a phase called S phase, during which it synthesizes a complete copy of the
DNA in its nucleus. During S phase, the cell also duplicates a microtubule-organizing structure
called the centrosome. The two centrosomes play an important role in separating DNA during
M phase.
G2 phase - Answer✔Once DNA synthesis is complete, the cell enters a second gap phase, called
G2 phase. During this period, the cell grows more, makes additional proteins and organelles,
and begins to reorganize its contents in preparation for mitosis, the separation of the copied
DNA into two equal sets. G2 phase ends when mitosis begins.
Mitosis - Answer✔In mitosis, the nuclear DNA of the cell condenses into visible chromosomes
and is pulled apart by the mitotic spindle, a specialized structure made out of microtubules.
Stages of Mitosis - Answer✔Mitosis takes place in four stages: prophase (sometimes divided
into early prophase and prometaphase), metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
What are the events that occur during each phase of mitosis? - Answer✔Prophase- the process
that separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two
identical daughter cells. During prophase, the complex of DNA and proteins contained in the
nucleus, known as chromatin, condenses.
Metaphase- the process that separates duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a
parent cell into two identical daughter cells. During metaphase, the cell's chromosomes align
themselves in the middle of the cell through a type of cellular "tug of war."
Anaphase-he stage of mitosis when replicated chromosomes are split and the daughter
chromatids are moved to opposite poles of the cell.
2|Page
Bio 1500 Exam 4 Study Guide 100% Verified.
Genome - Answer✔the haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism, or in each
cell of a multicellular organism.
Chromatid - Answer✔each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides
longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA.
Sister Chromatids - Answer✔A sister chromatid refers to either of the two identical copies
(chromatids) formed by the replication of a single chromosome, with both copies joined
together by a common centromere.
Diploid - Answer✔(of a cell or nucleus) containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one
from each parent.
Haploid - Answer✔(of a cell or nucleus) having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.
Cell Cycle - Answer✔a series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides. A cell
spends most of its time in what is called interphase, and during this time it grows, replicates its
chromosomes, and prepares for cell division. The cell then leaves interphase, undergoes
mitosis, and completes its division.
Metaphase plate - Answer✔a plane cell section in the equatorial plane of the metaphase
spindle having the chromosomes oriented upon it.
Gametes - Answer✔a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with
another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.
Somatic Cells - Answer✔any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells.
Somatic cells - Answer✔any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells.
Aster - Answer✔a star-shaped structure formed during division of the nucleus of an animal cell.
Kinetochores - Answer✔the place on either side of the centromere to which the spindle fibers
are attached during cell division.
Types of cells in which mitosis occurs - Answer✔Somatic cells
1|Page
, ©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:27PM. A+
How does mitosis impact chromosome number of daughter cells compared to parental cells? -
Answer✔Retains the same number of chromosomes
2 Phases of the cell cycle before and after mitosis. - Answer✔G2 before and G1 after.
Where does the cell spend most of its time? Interphase or Mitosis? - Answer✔Interphase
What are the events that occur during Interphase? - Answer✔G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase
G1 phase - Answer✔During G1 phase, also called the first gap phase, the cell grows larger and
makes more of its ribosomes, organelles, and proteins. This phase ensures that division will
produce functional daughter cells, ones that are the right size and have all the parts they need.
If cells didn't grow before they divided, they would get smaller and smaller over generations,
eventually becoming too small to function properly. G1 phase begins when a cell is "born"—by
division of its mother—and ends with the onset of the next phase, S phase. In many cells, G1 is
the longest phase of the cell cycle.
S phase - Answer✔In order to divide, a cell also needs to make a copy of its genetic material,
allowing it to give one full set to each of its two daughter cells. To accomplish this, the cell
moves from G1 into a phase called S phase, during which it synthesizes a complete copy of the
DNA in its nucleus. During S phase, the cell also duplicates a microtubule-organizing structure
called the centrosome. The two centrosomes play an important role in separating DNA during
M phase.
G2 phase - Answer✔Once DNA synthesis is complete, the cell enters a second gap phase, called
G2 phase. During this period, the cell grows more, makes additional proteins and organelles,
and begins to reorganize its contents in preparation for mitosis, the separation of the copied
DNA into two equal sets. G2 phase ends when mitosis begins.
Mitosis - Answer✔In mitosis, the nuclear DNA of the cell condenses into visible chromosomes
and is pulled apart by the mitotic spindle, a specialized structure made out of microtubules.
Stages of Mitosis - Answer✔Mitosis takes place in four stages: prophase (sometimes divided
into early prophase and prometaphase), metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
What are the events that occur during each phase of mitosis? - Answer✔Prophase- the process
that separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two
identical daughter cells. During prophase, the complex of DNA and proteins contained in the
nucleus, known as chromatin, condenses.
Metaphase- the process that separates duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a
parent cell into two identical daughter cells. During metaphase, the cell's chromosomes align
themselves in the middle of the cell through a type of cellular "tug of war."
Anaphase-he stage of mitosis when replicated chromosomes are split and the daughter
chromatids are moved to opposite poles of the cell.
2|Page
