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Bio 1500 Final Exam Questions And Answers
|Latest 2025 | Guaranteed Pass
Types of hydrogen bonds formed by water - Answer✔-Polar covalent bonds: different charges
share electrons
-Cohesion: same substance attraction, forms water molecules (high surface tension)
-Adhesion: different substances attraction
How does the polarity of water enable life-giving properties? - Answer✔Its slightly negative and
slightly positive charge makes it polar. This allows hydrogen bonds, which make water a
universal solvent.
Properties of acids - Answer✔-pH less than 7
-sour taste
-electrolytes
-react with metal to form hydrogen gas
-turn blue litmus red
Properties of bases - Answer✔-pH more than 7
-bitter taste
-don't react with metal
-turn red litmus blue
-can conduct electricity
Difference between ions and isotopes - Answer✔-Ions have lost or gained electrons
-Isotopes have lost or gained neutrons
Determining valence electrons - Answer✔Periodic table use, or the number of electrons in the
outermost shell
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Hydroxyl group - Answer✔A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an
oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water
and are called alcohols.
Methyl group - Answer✔A chemical group consisting of a carbon bonded to three hydrogen
atoms. The methyl group may be attached to a carbon or to a different atom.
Carbonyl group - Answer✔A chemical group consisting of a carbon atom linked by a double
bond to an oxygen atom
Carboxyl group - Answer✔A functional group consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded
to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.
Amino group - Answer✔A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two
hydrogen atoms
Phosphate group - Answer✔A functional group consisting of a phosphorus atom covalently
bonded to four oxygen atoms
Sulfhydryl group - Answer✔A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a
hydrogen atom (—SH).
Isomers - Answer✔Compounds with the same formula but different structures
Structural isomers - Answer✔Have different covalent arrangements of their atoms
Cis-trans isomers - Answer✔Have the same covalent bonds but differ in spatial arrangements
Enantiomers - Answer✔Isomers that are mirror images of each other
Lipids (fat, hydrophobic) - Answer✔-Makeup: glycerol & fatty acids
-Function: move and store energy
-Examples: fats and oils (triglycerides), steroids, cholesterol, phospholipids
Proteins - Answer✔-Makeup: amino acid chain with covalent peptide bonds (4 structures)
-Function: catalysts, building blocks, enzymes, hormones, build and repair muscle
-Examples: keratin, actin, myosin, hemoglobin
Carbohydrates - Answer✔-Makeup: sugars (simple, polysaccharides, etc.)
-Function: fuel/energy source and building material, control metabolism and insulin
-Examples: cellulose, starch, glycogen, chitin, monosaccharides, glucose, etc.
Nucleic acids - Answer✔-Makeup: nucleotides (nitrogenous base, sugar, and phosphate), DNA
or RNA
-Function: store, transmit, and express hereditary information
2|Page
Bio 1500 Final Exam Questions And Answers
|Latest 2025 | Guaranteed Pass
Types of hydrogen bonds formed by water - Answer✔-Polar covalent bonds: different charges
share electrons
-Cohesion: same substance attraction, forms water molecules (high surface tension)
-Adhesion: different substances attraction
How does the polarity of water enable life-giving properties? - Answer✔Its slightly negative and
slightly positive charge makes it polar. This allows hydrogen bonds, which make water a
universal solvent.
Properties of acids - Answer✔-pH less than 7
-sour taste
-electrolytes
-react with metal to form hydrogen gas
-turn blue litmus red
Properties of bases - Answer✔-pH more than 7
-bitter taste
-don't react with metal
-turn red litmus blue
-can conduct electricity
Difference between ions and isotopes - Answer✔-Ions have lost or gained electrons
-Isotopes have lost or gained neutrons
Determining valence electrons - Answer✔Periodic table use, or the number of electrons in the
outermost shell
1|Page
, ©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:27PM. A+
Hydroxyl group - Answer✔A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an
oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water
and are called alcohols.
Methyl group - Answer✔A chemical group consisting of a carbon bonded to three hydrogen
atoms. The methyl group may be attached to a carbon or to a different atom.
Carbonyl group - Answer✔A chemical group consisting of a carbon atom linked by a double
bond to an oxygen atom
Carboxyl group - Answer✔A functional group consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded
to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.
Amino group - Answer✔A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two
hydrogen atoms
Phosphate group - Answer✔A functional group consisting of a phosphorus atom covalently
bonded to four oxygen atoms
Sulfhydryl group - Answer✔A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a
hydrogen atom (—SH).
Isomers - Answer✔Compounds with the same formula but different structures
Structural isomers - Answer✔Have different covalent arrangements of their atoms
Cis-trans isomers - Answer✔Have the same covalent bonds but differ in spatial arrangements
Enantiomers - Answer✔Isomers that are mirror images of each other
Lipids (fat, hydrophobic) - Answer✔-Makeup: glycerol & fatty acids
-Function: move and store energy
-Examples: fats and oils (triglycerides), steroids, cholesterol, phospholipids
Proteins - Answer✔-Makeup: amino acid chain with covalent peptide bonds (4 structures)
-Function: catalysts, building blocks, enzymes, hormones, build and repair muscle
-Examples: keratin, actin, myosin, hemoglobin
Carbohydrates - Answer✔-Makeup: sugars (simple, polysaccharides, etc.)
-Function: fuel/energy source and building material, control metabolism and insulin
-Examples: cellulose, starch, glycogen, chitin, monosaccharides, glucose, etc.
Nucleic acids - Answer✔-Makeup: nucleotides (nitrogenous base, sugar, and phosphate), DNA
or RNA
-Function: store, transmit, and express hereditary information
2|Page
