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Bontrager Ch8 Exam Questions And Answers
|Latest 2025 | Guaranteed Pass.
List the number of bones found in each division in the adult vertebral column:
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx
Total - Answer✔Cervical- 7
Thoracic- 12
Lumbar- 5
Sacrum- 1
Coccyx- 1
Total- 26
List the 2 primary or posterior convex curves seen in the vertebral column. - Answer✔Thoracic
Sacral
Indicate which two portions of the vertebral column are classified as secondary or
compensatory curves. - Answer✔Cervical
Lumbar
An abnormal, or exaggerated, "sway back" lumbar curvature is called - Answer✔Lordosis
An abnormal lateral curvature seen in the thoracolumbar spine is called - Answer✔Scoliosis
1|Page
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The two main parts of a typical vertebra are the ___ and the ____. - Answer✔Body; Vertebral
arch
The ___ are two bony aspects of the vertebral arch that extend posteriorly from each pedicle to
join at the midline. - Answer✔Lamina
The ___ foramina are created by 2 small notches on the superior and inferior aspects of the
pedicles - Answer✔Intervertebral
The opening, or passageway, for the spinal cord is the ___. - Answer✔Vertebral Canal
The spinal cord begins with the ___ of the brain and extends down to the ___ vertebra, where
it tapers and ends. This tapered ending is called the ___. - Answer✔Medulla Oblongata;
Lower border of L1;
Conus Medullaris
Which structures pass through the intervertebral foramina? - Answer✔Spinal nerves and blood
vessels
Which of the following is found between the superior and inferior articular processes?
a.) Intervertebral joints
b.) Articular joints
c.) Zygapophyseal joints
d.) Intervertebral facets - Answer✔c.) Zygapophyseal joints
True/False
Only T1, T11, and T12 have full facets for articulation with ribs - Answer✔True
True/False
The zygapophyseal joints of all cervical vertebrae are visualized only in a true lateral position -
Answer✔False
(Between C1 & C2 visualized on frontal or AP projection)
List the outer and inner aspects of the intertebral disks - Answer✔Outer aspect: Annulus
fibrosus
Inner aspect: Nucleus pulposus
The condition involving a "slipped disk" is correctly referred to as - Answer✔HNP- Herniated
Nucleus Pulposus
2|Page
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List the alternative names for the following cervical vertebrae:
C1
C2
C7 - Answer✔C1: atlas
C2: axis
C7: Vertebra prominens
List three features that make the cervical vertebrae unique - Answer✔Transverse formina
Bifid spinous process
Overlapping vertebral bodies
A short column of bone found between the superior and articular processes in a typical cervical
vertebra is called:
What is the term for the same structure, for the C1 vertebra? - Answer✔Articular pillar
Lateral mass
The zygapophyseal joints for the 2nd through 7th cervical vertebrae are at a ___* angle to the
midsagittal plane; the thoracic vertebrae are at a ___* angle to the midsagittal plane. -
Answer✔90*; 70-75*
What is the name of the joint found between the superior articular processes of C1 and the
occipital condyles of the skull? - Answer✔Occipitoatlantal articulations
The modified body of C2 is called the ___ or ___. - Answer✔Dens or Odontoid process
A lack of symmetry of the zygapophyseal joints between C1 and C2 may be caused by injury or
may be associated with: - Answer✔Rotation of the skull
What is the unique feature of all thoracic vertebrae that distinguishes them from other
vertebrae? - Answer✔Presence of facets for articulation with ribs
Which specific thoracic vertebrae are classified as typical thoracic vertebrae (ie, they least
resemble cervical or lumbar vertebrae)? - Answer✔T5-T8
For the CR to pass through and "open" the intervertebral spaces on a 45* posterior oblique
projection of the cervical vertebrae, what CR angle (if any) is required? - Answer✔15* cephalad
Name the following parts of the sternum or associated topographic landmarks.
Upper portion of sternum:
3|Page
Bontrager Ch8 Exam Questions And Answers
|Latest 2025 | Guaranteed Pass.
List the number of bones found in each division in the adult vertebral column:
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx
Total - Answer✔Cervical- 7
Thoracic- 12
Lumbar- 5
Sacrum- 1
Coccyx- 1
Total- 26
List the 2 primary or posterior convex curves seen in the vertebral column. - Answer✔Thoracic
Sacral
Indicate which two portions of the vertebral column are classified as secondary or
compensatory curves. - Answer✔Cervical
Lumbar
An abnormal, or exaggerated, "sway back" lumbar curvature is called - Answer✔Lordosis
An abnormal lateral curvature seen in the thoracolumbar spine is called - Answer✔Scoliosis
1|Page
, ©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:27PM. A+
The two main parts of a typical vertebra are the ___ and the ____. - Answer✔Body; Vertebral
arch
The ___ are two bony aspects of the vertebral arch that extend posteriorly from each pedicle to
join at the midline. - Answer✔Lamina
The ___ foramina are created by 2 small notches on the superior and inferior aspects of the
pedicles - Answer✔Intervertebral
The opening, or passageway, for the spinal cord is the ___. - Answer✔Vertebral Canal
The spinal cord begins with the ___ of the brain and extends down to the ___ vertebra, where
it tapers and ends. This tapered ending is called the ___. - Answer✔Medulla Oblongata;
Lower border of L1;
Conus Medullaris
Which structures pass through the intervertebral foramina? - Answer✔Spinal nerves and blood
vessels
Which of the following is found between the superior and inferior articular processes?
a.) Intervertebral joints
b.) Articular joints
c.) Zygapophyseal joints
d.) Intervertebral facets - Answer✔c.) Zygapophyseal joints
True/False
Only T1, T11, and T12 have full facets for articulation with ribs - Answer✔True
True/False
The zygapophyseal joints of all cervical vertebrae are visualized only in a true lateral position -
Answer✔False
(Between C1 & C2 visualized on frontal or AP projection)
List the outer and inner aspects of the intertebral disks - Answer✔Outer aspect: Annulus
fibrosus
Inner aspect: Nucleus pulposus
The condition involving a "slipped disk" is correctly referred to as - Answer✔HNP- Herniated
Nucleus Pulposus
2|Page
, ©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:27PM. A+
List the alternative names for the following cervical vertebrae:
C1
C2
C7 - Answer✔C1: atlas
C2: axis
C7: Vertebra prominens
List three features that make the cervical vertebrae unique - Answer✔Transverse formina
Bifid spinous process
Overlapping vertebral bodies
A short column of bone found between the superior and articular processes in a typical cervical
vertebra is called:
What is the term for the same structure, for the C1 vertebra? - Answer✔Articular pillar
Lateral mass
The zygapophyseal joints for the 2nd through 7th cervical vertebrae are at a ___* angle to the
midsagittal plane; the thoracic vertebrae are at a ___* angle to the midsagittal plane. -
Answer✔90*; 70-75*
What is the name of the joint found between the superior articular processes of C1 and the
occipital condyles of the skull? - Answer✔Occipitoatlantal articulations
The modified body of C2 is called the ___ or ___. - Answer✔Dens or Odontoid process
A lack of symmetry of the zygapophyseal joints between C1 and C2 may be caused by injury or
may be associated with: - Answer✔Rotation of the skull
What is the unique feature of all thoracic vertebrae that distinguishes them from other
vertebrae? - Answer✔Presence of facets for articulation with ribs
Which specific thoracic vertebrae are classified as typical thoracic vertebrae (ie, they least
resemble cervical or lumbar vertebrae)? - Answer✔T5-T8
For the CR to pass through and "open" the intervertebral spaces on a 45* posterior oblique
projection of the cervical vertebrae, what CR angle (if any) is required? - Answer✔15* cephalad
Name the following parts of the sternum or associated topographic landmarks.
Upper portion of sternum:
3|Page
