CARDIOLOGY USMLE STEP 1 EXAM UPDATED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
truncus arteriosus forms - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅forms the ascending aorta and
pulmonary trunk
blunt chest trauma
+
hypotension, tachycardia
+
Jugular venous distension - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Acute cardiac tamponade...... right
atrial and ventricular collapse on echocardiogram
Holosystolic murmur + murmur increase with inspiration (carvallo sign) - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Tricuspid regurgitation
Cardiac output determined by Swan Ganz catheter by applying the fick principle - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Cardiac output = rate of 02 comsumption / arteriovenous 02 content
difference
during excercise there is increase or decrease
c02 production
co0 content of venous blood
arterial c0 and 02 conent
cardiac output
SVR - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1. vasodilation in skeletal muscle and vasoconstriction in
the splanchnic circulation
2. decrease SVR and increase HR = increase Co
3. increase 02 extraction by tissues =increase c02 production
increase c02 content of venous blood
,arterial c02 and 02 remains normal bc respiratory compensation
Aortic regurgitation
Aortic pressure and Left ventricular pressure - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Aortic
regurgitation = rapid loss of aortic pressure during diastole due to blackflow of blood into the left
ventricle
Aortic pressure 160/60
Left ventricular pressure 160/10
normal 120/80 and 120/10
Hemodynamic measurements in shock
hypovolemic
CVP= right side preload
PCWP = left side preload
Cardiax index= LV output
SVR = afterload
Sv02 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅CVP= right side preload --- decrease
PCWP = left side preload --- decrease
Cardiax index= LV output --- decrease
SVR = afterload --- increase
Sv02 --- decrease
Hemodynamic measurements in shock
,Cardiogenic shok
CVP= right side preload
PCWP = left side preload
Cardiax index= LV output
SVR = afterload
Sv02 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅CVP increase
PCWP increase
LV output decrease
SVR increase
Sv02 decrrease
coronary perfusion pressure decrease
Hemodynamic measurements in shock
Obstrutive
CVP= right side preload
PCWP = left side preload
Cardiax index= LV output
SVR = afterload
Sv02 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅CVP increase
Decrease but pn tamponade PCWP increase paradoxically due to external compresion b
pericardial fluid
LV output decrease
Sv02 - decrease
, Hemodynamic measurements in shock
Distributive
CVP= right side preload
PCWP = left side preload
Cardiax index= LV output
SVR = afterload
Sv02 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅CVP decrease
PCWP decrease
LV increase
SVR decrease
Sv02 increase
on neurogenic shock, due to impaired sympathetic reflex .. LV and SV02 are usually decrease
right side artery is decreased by a factor of 16 compared to the left
what percentage has the radius of the lumen been reduced? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅50% reduced...
bc
P1-P2 * r'4
------
nL
noted: radius of the blood vessel raised to the 4th power
Aortic stenosis
AND ANSWERS
truncus arteriosus forms - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅forms the ascending aorta and
pulmonary trunk
blunt chest trauma
+
hypotension, tachycardia
+
Jugular venous distension - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Acute cardiac tamponade...... right
atrial and ventricular collapse on echocardiogram
Holosystolic murmur + murmur increase with inspiration (carvallo sign) - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Tricuspid regurgitation
Cardiac output determined by Swan Ganz catheter by applying the fick principle - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Cardiac output = rate of 02 comsumption / arteriovenous 02 content
difference
during excercise there is increase or decrease
c02 production
co0 content of venous blood
arterial c0 and 02 conent
cardiac output
SVR - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1. vasodilation in skeletal muscle and vasoconstriction in
the splanchnic circulation
2. decrease SVR and increase HR = increase Co
3. increase 02 extraction by tissues =increase c02 production
increase c02 content of venous blood
,arterial c02 and 02 remains normal bc respiratory compensation
Aortic regurgitation
Aortic pressure and Left ventricular pressure - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Aortic
regurgitation = rapid loss of aortic pressure during diastole due to blackflow of blood into the left
ventricle
Aortic pressure 160/60
Left ventricular pressure 160/10
normal 120/80 and 120/10
Hemodynamic measurements in shock
hypovolemic
CVP= right side preload
PCWP = left side preload
Cardiax index= LV output
SVR = afterload
Sv02 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅CVP= right side preload --- decrease
PCWP = left side preload --- decrease
Cardiax index= LV output --- decrease
SVR = afterload --- increase
Sv02 --- decrease
Hemodynamic measurements in shock
,Cardiogenic shok
CVP= right side preload
PCWP = left side preload
Cardiax index= LV output
SVR = afterload
Sv02 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅CVP increase
PCWP increase
LV output decrease
SVR increase
Sv02 decrrease
coronary perfusion pressure decrease
Hemodynamic measurements in shock
Obstrutive
CVP= right side preload
PCWP = left side preload
Cardiax index= LV output
SVR = afterload
Sv02 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅CVP increase
Decrease but pn tamponade PCWP increase paradoxically due to external compresion b
pericardial fluid
LV output decrease
Sv02 - decrease
, Hemodynamic measurements in shock
Distributive
CVP= right side preload
PCWP = left side preload
Cardiax index= LV output
SVR = afterload
Sv02 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅CVP decrease
PCWP decrease
LV increase
SVR decrease
Sv02 increase
on neurogenic shock, due to impaired sympathetic reflex .. LV and SV02 are usually decrease
right side artery is decreased by a factor of 16 compared to the left
what percentage has the radius of the lumen been reduced? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅50% reduced...
bc
P1-P2 * r'4
------
nL
noted: radius of the blood vessel raised to the 4th power
Aortic stenosis
