Epidemiology – Midterm 2024/2025
Exam Comprehensive Questions and
Verified Answers | Accurate Solutions |
Get it 100% Correct!! | Already Graded
A+
Epidemiology Purposes
in Public Health Practice - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔•Discover
•Determine
•Identify
•Evaluate
What are the objectives of an epidemiological investigation? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔•
Determine the extent of disease problems in the community
• Investigate the etiology of disease and modes of transmission
• Study the natural history of disease
• Develop the basis for prevention programs
• Evaluate new preventive and therapeutic measures and new modes
of health care delivery
• Provide a foundation for developing public policy and regulatory
Page 1 of 44
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER:
619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,decisions relating to environmental problems
Morbidity VS Mortality - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Refers to ill health in an individual and
the levels of ill health in a population or group
Death rate
Cause VS Risk Factor - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Specific event, condition or characteristic
that precedes the health outcome and is necessary for its occurrence.
Behavior, environmental exposure, or inherent human characteristic that
increases the chance of developing an adverse health outcome. RF is not equal
to cause!!!!
Controlling it: Eliminate the exposure
Importance of Descriptive Epidemiology - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A means to
characterizing the distribution of health
related states or events by: person, place, time, clinical criteria
Who? What? When? Where?
Page 2 of 44
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619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,Importance of Analytic Epidemiology - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A means to identifying and
quantifying associations, testing hypotheses, and supporting statements about
causality
Why? How?
Selected Types of Epidemiologic Information - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔• Public health
assessment
• Causes of disease
• Completing the clinical picture
• Program evaluation: Efficacy (ability of a program to produce a desired effect
among those who participate in the program compared with those who do not)
Effectiveness (ability of a program to produce benefits among those who are
offered the program)
Pandemic VS Endemic
Cluster - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Affects or attacks the population of an extensive region,
country, or continent.
Ongoing, usual, constant, presence of a disease and in a community or among a
group of people; when it continually prevails in a region.
EX: Influenza, bubonic plague
Page 3 of 44
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER:
619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Group of cases in a specific time and place that might be more than expected
Primary Case - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The first disease case in the population
Index Case - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The first disease case brought to the attention of the
epidemiologist
Secondary Case - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Those persons who become infected and ill
after a disease has been introduced into a population and who become infected
from contact with the primary case
Levels of Diagnosis: Suspect VS Confirmed - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Individual or group of
individuals who has all the signs and symptoms of a disease or condition that
has not been diagnosed as having the disease or has the cause of the symptoms
connected to a specific pathogen.
When all criteria are met (lab results and physician diagnosis) for the case
definition, the case is classified as a confirmed case.
Disease Transmission - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔• Direct: Person to person
• Fomite Borne: Objects
• Vehicle Borne: Inanimate intermediate
Page 4 of 44
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER:
619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Exam Comprehensive Questions and
Verified Answers | Accurate Solutions |
Get it 100% Correct!! | Already Graded
A+
Epidemiology Purposes
in Public Health Practice - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔•Discover
•Determine
•Identify
•Evaluate
What are the objectives of an epidemiological investigation? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔•
Determine the extent of disease problems in the community
• Investigate the etiology of disease and modes of transmission
• Study the natural history of disease
• Develop the basis for prevention programs
• Evaluate new preventive and therapeutic measures and new modes
of health care delivery
• Provide a foundation for developing public policy and regulatory
Page 1 of 44
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER:
619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,decisions relating to environmental problems
Morbidity VS Mortality - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Refers to ill health in an individual and
the levels of ill health in a population or group
Death rate
Cause VS Risk Factor - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Specific event, condition or characteristic
that precedes the health outcome and is necessary for its occurrence.
Behavior, environmental exposure, or inherent human characteristic that
increases the chance of developing an adverse health outcome. RF is not equal
to cause!!!!
Controlling it: Eliminate the exposure
Importance of Descriptive Epidemiology - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A means to
characterizing the distribution of health
related states or events by: person, place, time, clinical criteria
Who? What? When? Where?
Page 2 of 44
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER:
619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,Importance of Analytic Epidemiology - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A means to identifying and
quantifying associations, testing hypotheses, and supporting statements about
causality
Why? How?
Selected Types of Epidemiologic Information - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔• Public health
assessment
• Causes of disease
• Completing the clinical picture
• Program evaluation: Efficacy (ability of a program to produce a desired effect
among those who participate in the program compared with those who do not)
Effectiveness (ability of a program to produce benefits among those who are
offered the program)
Pandemic VS Endemic
Cluster - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Affects or attacks the population of an extensive region,
country, or continent.
Ongoing, usual, constant, presence of a disease and in a community or among a
group of people; when it continually prevails in a region.
EX: Influenza, bubonic plague
Page 3 of 44
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER:
619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Group of cases in a specific time and place that might be more than expected
Primary Case - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The first disease case in the population
Index Case - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The first disease case brought to the attention of the
epidemiologist
Secondary Case - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Those persons who become infected and ill
after a disease has been introduced into a population and who become infected
from contact with the primary case
Levels of Diagnosis: Suspect VS Confirmed - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Individual or group of
individuals who has all the signs and symptoms of a disease or condition that
has not been diagnosed as having the disease or has the cause of the symptoms
connected to a specific pathogen.
When all criteria are met (lab results and physician diagnosis) for the case
definition, the case is classified as a confirmed case.
Disease Transmission - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔• Direct: Person to person
• Fomite Borne: Objects
• Vehicle Borne: Inanimate intermediate
Page 4 of 44
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER:
619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
