BIOLOGY EOC 9TH GRADE UPDATED
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Ecology - CORRECT ANSWER - The study of the interactions of living things
with other living things (biotic factors)
with their environment (abiotic factors)
Abiotic - CORRECT ANSWER - all the non-living parts of an organism's environment
examples: air, water, light
Biotic - CORRECT ANSWER - all the living organisms that inhabit and an enviorment
Hierarchy of LIfe - CORRECT ANSWER - Biosphere
Biome
Exosystem
Community
Population
Organism (simplest)
Biosphere - CORRECT ANSWER - Combined areas of the earth where life exists
Species - CORRECT ANSWER - structurally similar organisms that interbreed and
produce fertile offspring
Population - CORRECT ANSWER - all members of a species in a given area
Community - CORRECT ANSWER - all living things in a given area
,Ecosystem - CORRECT ANSWER - all living and nonliving things in a given area
Biome - CORRECT ANSWER - group of ecosystems having the same climate and
dominant communities
Niche - CORRECT ANSWER - all strategies and adaptations a species uses in its
environment
Habitat - CORRECT ANSWER - address of organism (where it lives)
Community interactions - CORRECT ANSWER - Competition
Predation
Symbiotic Relationships
mutualism
commensalism
parasitism
Competition - CORRECT ANSWER - results from niche overlap
may result from lack of food, water, mate, habitat
greatests differences usually occur where there is the most overlap; resource partitioning may
occur
competitive exclusion may occur: one species is eliminated
Mutualism - CORRECT ANSWER - Cooperative relationship where both species benefit
Commensalism - CORRECT ANSWER - One individual benefits
One individual is not affected
Often times after scientists have researched the relationship, these relationships may be
reclassified as mutualism
,Parasitism - CORRECT ANSWER - One individual is helped
One individual is harmed
Can be ectoparasites (outside host ex: tick)
Can be endoparasites (inside host ex: bacteria)
Hosts have evolved defenses: skin, tears, saliva, mucus, immune system
So parasites have evolved to compensate: tegument, anticoagulants
Autotrophs (producers) - CORRECT ANSWER - *Photosynthesis* - using light energy to
produce carbohydrates
*Chemosynthesis* - using chemical energy to produce carbohydrates
Heterotrophs (consumers) - CORRECT ANSWER - cannot produce their food - must
consume other living things
Berbivores - feed on plants
Carnivores - feed on animals
Omnivores - feed on plants and animals
Decomposers - feed on dead plants and animals
Energy Flow Through and Ecosystem - CORRECT ANSWER - the sun --> producers -->
consumers
energy flows in one direction
Trophic Level - CORRECT ANSWER - each step in a food chain or food web
indicates an organism's position in the sequence of energy transfers
Energy Pyramid - CORRECT ANSWER - shows the relative amount of energy available
at each trophic level
only about 10% of the energy available at each level is transferred to the next
, about 90% percent at each level is lost as heat
Ecological Pyramid - CORRECT ANSWER - used to represent the relative amounts of
energy or matter contained within each trophic level
Biomass Pyramid - CORRECT ANSWER - represents the amount of biomass (living
organic matter) at each trophic level
represents the amount of potential food available for each trophic level
typically the greatest biomass is at the bottom of the pyramid
Pyramid of Numbers - CORRECT ANSWER - Shows the relative number of individual
organisms at each trophic level
Biogeochemical Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER - elements, compounds and other forms of
matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another
through a biogeochemical cycle
(water cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycle)
Water Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER - movement of water between the ocean, atmosphere
and land
evaporation - water goes from liquid to gas
transpiration - water loss (evaporation) from plants
condensation - formation of liquid water from water vapor
precipitation - water returns to earth's surface as rain, snow, hail, or sleet
Carbon Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER - the cycling of carbon between the various
components of the biosphere - organisms, air, water, land.......carbon is a key ingredient in all
living things
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Ecology - CORRECT ANSWER - The study of the interactions of living things
with other living things (biotic factors)
with their environment (abiotic factors)
Abiotic - CORRECT ANSWER - all the non-living parts of an organism's environment
examples: air, water, light
Biotic - CORRECT ANSWER - all the living organisms that inhabit and an enviorment
Hierarchy of LIfe - CORRECT ANSWER - Biosphere
Biome
Exosystem
Community
Population
Organism (simplest)
Biosphere - CORRECT ANSWER - Combined areas of the earth where life exists
Species - CORRECT ANSWER - structurally similar organisms that interbreed and
produce fertile offspring
Population - CORRECT ANSWER - all members of a species in a given area
Community - CORRECT ANSWER - all living things in a given area
,Ecosystem - CORRECT ANSWER - all living and nonliving things in a given area
Biome - CORRECT ANSWER - group of ecosystems having the same climate and
dominant communities
Niche - CORRECT ANSWER - all strategies and adaptations a species uses in its
environment
Habitat - CORRECT ANSWER - address of organism (where it lives)
Community interactions - CORRECT ANSWER - Competition
Predation
Symbiotic Relationships
mutualism
commensalism
parasitism
Competition - CORRECT ANSWER - results from niche overlap
may result from lack of food, water, mate, habitat
greatests differences usually occur where there is the most overlap; resource partitioning may
occur
competitive exclusion may occur: one species is eliminated
Mutualism - CORRECT ANSWER - Cooperative relationship where both species benefit
Commensalism - CORRECT ANSWER - One individual benefits
One individual is not affected
Often times after scientists have researched the relationship, these relationships may be
reclassified as mutualism
,Parasitism - CORRECT ANSWER - One individual is helped
One individual is harmed
Can be ectoparasites (outside host ex: tick)
Can be endoparasites (inside host ex: bacteria)
Hosts have evolved defenses: skin, tears, saliva, mucus, immune system
So parasites have evolved to compensate: tegument, anticoagulants
Autotrophs (producers) - CORRECT ANSWER - *Photosynthesis* - using light energy to
produce carbohydrates
*Chemosynthesis* - using chemical energy to produce carbohydrates
Heterotrophs (consumers) - CORRECT ANSWER - cannot produce their food - must
consume other living things
Berbivores - feed on plants
Carnivores - feed on animals
Omnivores - feed on plants and animals
Decomposers - feed on dead plants and animals
Energy Flow Through and Ecosystem - CORRECT ANSWER - the sun --> producers -->
consumers
energy flows in one direction
Trophic Level - CORRECT ANSWER - each step in a food chain or food web
indicates an organism's position in the sequence of energy transfers
Energy Pyramid - CORRECT ANSWER - shows the relative amount of energy available
at each trophic level
only about 10% of the energy available at each level is transferred to the next
, about 90% percent at each level is lost as heat
Ecological Pyramid - CORRECT ANSWER - used to represent the relative amounts of
energy or matter contained within each trophic level
Biomass Pyramid - CORRECT ANSWER - represents the amount of biomass (living
organic matter) at each trophic level
represents the amount of potential food available for each trophic level
typically the greatest biomass is at the bottom of the pyramid
Pyramid of Numbers - CORRECT ANSWER - Shows the relative number of individual
organisms at each trophic level
Biogeochemical Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER - elements, compounds and other forms of
matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another
through a biogeochemical cycle
(water cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycle)
Water Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER - movement of water between the ocean, atmosphere
and land
evaporation - water goes from liquid to gas
transpiration - water loss (evaporation) from plants
condensation - formation of liquid water from water vapor
precipitation - water returns to earth's surface as rain, snow, hail, or sleet
Carbon Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER - the cycling of carbon between the various
components of the biosphere - organisms, air, water, land.......carbon is a key ingredient in all
living things
