Biology EOC Unit 4 UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
• Compare and contrast the general structures of plant and animal cells. (SC.912.L.14.3) -
CORRECT ANSWER - Plant cells: Contains cell wall, chloroplasts, and a larger vacuole
Animal cells: Contains a vacuole but is much smaller and has a centriole
Both: Both plant and animal cells have membrane-bound organelles like the mitochondria,
nucleus, and a cell membrane.
• Generalize the relationship between the structure and function of the components of plant and
animal cells. (SC.912.L.14.2) - CORRECT ANSWER - Plant cells: Cell wall- A strong,
supporting layer around the cell membrane
Vacuole- stores materials such as water, salts, protein, and carbohydrates
Chloroplasts- captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy.
Animal cells: Lysosome- breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into smaller molecules
that can be used by the rest of the cell. Centriole- structure in an animal cell that helps to
organize cell division.
• Compare and contrast the structures found in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
(SC.912.L.14.3) - CORRECT ANSWER - Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have a
membrane, ribosomes, and cytoplasm. Eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles, such
as vacuoles, mitochondria, and lysosomes, which prokaryotic cells do not have.
• Differentiate between active and passive transport. (SC.912.L.14.2) - CORRECT
ANSWER - Passive transport goes from areas of high concentration to low concentration,
following the concentration gradient, whereas, active transport uses ATP energy to pump
molecules against the concentration gradient, from an area of lower concentration to higher
concentration.
• Create an analogy for the cell membranes role as a barrier. (SC.912.L.14.2) - CORRECT
ANSWER - The actual building of the castle, because it is the structure that surrounds
everything else.
, • Compare and contrast structure and function of various types of microscopes. (SC.912.L.14.4) -
CORRECT ANSWER - light microscope:An optical instrument with lenses that refract
(bend) visible light to magnify images of specimens.
electron microscope:microscope that forms an image by focusing beams of electrons onto a
specimen
transmission electron microscope:An electron microscope used to study the internal structure of
thin sections of cells
scanning electron microscope:An electron microscope used to study the fine details of cell
surfaces
• Identify the components of a eukaryotic cell. (SC.912.L.14.3) - CORRECT ANSWER -
cell wall, cytoplasm, ribosomes, nucleus, nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin, endoplasmic
reticulum, microtubules, microfilaments, vacuoles, mitochondria, Golgi Apparatus, Chloroplasts,
Lysosomes
Cell wall - CORRECT ANSWER -
Cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER -
Ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER -
Nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER -
Nuclear envelope - CORRECT ANSWER -
Nucleolus - CORRECT ANSWER -
Chromatin - CORRECT ANSWER -
Endoplasmic reticulum - CORRECT ANSWER -
Questions and CORRECT Answers
• Compare and contrast the general structures of plant and animal cells. (SC.912.L.14.3) -
CORRECT ANSWER - Plant cells: Contains cell wall, chloroplasts, and a larger vacuole
Animal cells: Contains a vacuole but is much smaller and has a centriole
Both: Both plant and animal cells have membrane-bound organelles like the mitochondria,
nucleus, and a cell membrane.
• Generalize the relationship between the structure and function of the components of plant and
animal cells. (SC.912.L.14.2) - CORRECT ANSWER - Plant cells: Cell wall- A strong,
supporting layer around the cell membrane
Vacuole- stores materials such as water, salts, protein, and carbohydrates
Chloroplasts- captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy.
Animal cells: Lysosome- breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into smaller molecules
that can be used by the rest of the cell. Centriole- structure in an animal cell that helps to
organize cell division.
• Compare and contrast the structures found in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
(SC.912.L.14.3) - CORRECT ANSWER - Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have a
membrane, ribosomes, and cytoplasm. Eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles, such
as vacuoles, mitochondria, and lysosomes, which prokaryotic cells do not have.
• Differentiate between active and passive transport. (SC.912.L.14.2) - CORRECT
ANSWER - Passive transport goes from areas of high concentration to low concentration,
following the concentration gradient, whereas, active transport uses ATP energy to pump
molecules against the concentration gradient, from an area of lower concentration to higher
concentration.
• Create an analogy for the cell membranes role as a barrier. (SC.912.L.14.2) - CORRECT
ANSWER - The actual building of the castle, because it is the structure that surrounds
everything else.
, • Compare and contrast structure and function of various types of microscopes. (SC.912.L.14.4) -
CORRECT ANSWER - light microscope:An optical instrument with lenses that refract
(bend) visible light to magnify images of specimens.
electron microscope:microscope that forms an image by focusing beams of electrons onto a
specimen
transmission electron microscope:An electron microscope used to study the internal structure of
thin sections of cells
scanning electron microscope:An electron microscope used to study the fine details of cell
surfaces
• Identify the components of a eukaryotic cell. (SC.912.L.14.3) - CORRECT ANSWER -
cell wall, cytoplasm, ribosomes, nucleus, nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin, endoplasmic
reticulum, microtubules, microfilaments, vacuoles, mitochondria, Golgi Apparatus, Chloroplasts,
Lysosomes
Cell wall - CORRECT ANSWER -
Cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER -
Ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER -
Nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER -
Nuclear envelope - CORRECT ANSWER -
Nucleolus - CORRECT ANSWER -
Chromatin - CORRECT ANSWER -
Endoplasmic reticulum - CORRECT ANSWER -
