NC Biology EOC UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Activation Energy - CORRECT ANSWER - The amount of energy needed to start a
chemical reaction.
Amino Acid - CORRECT ANSWER - Monomer (building block) of a protein.
Carbohydrate - CORRECT ANSWER - Monosaccharide formed mainly of carbon.
Main source of energy for the cell.
Example: glucose
Catalyst - CORRECT ANSWER - Lowers the activation energy needed and speeds up the
reaction.
Enzymes are a biological catalyst.
Enzyme - CORRECT ANSWER - Made up of protein and can act as a biological catalyst.
They have an active site where a substrate binds.
Lipid - CORRECT ANSWER - Made up of 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids.
Are used for long term energy storage.
Make up the phospholipid bilayer of the cell.
Monosaccharide - CORRECT ANSWER - Simple sugars.
Building blocks (monomer) of carbohydrates
Examples include: glucose and sucrose
Nucleic Acids - CORRECT ANSWER - Made up of nucleotides.
,Their function is to store genetic information in the form of DNA and RNA.
Protein - CORRECT ANSWER - Built from amino acids at the ribosomes with
instructions transcribed from RNA.
Make up enzymes and cell structures.
Cell Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - All living things are made of cells;
All cells come from other cells;
Cells are the basic structure and function of an organism.
Differentiation - CORRECT ANSWER - When undifferentiated stem cells are converted to
a specific cell type.
Eukaryote - CORRECT ANSWER - Large, complex cells that contain a nucleus and
membrane bound organelles.
Multicellular Organisms - CORRECT ANSWER - Organisms composed of many cells
(Ex. tissue, humans, etc.)
Organelles - CORRECT ANSWER - Small structures that perform various functions inside
the cell
Prokaryote - CORRECT ANSWER - Small, simple cells with no nucleus or membrane
bound organelles.
Stem Cells - CORRECT ANSWER - Undifferentiated cells
Unicellular Organism - CORRECT ANSWER - Organisms composed of only one cell (Ex.
Bacteria)
, Passive Transport - CORRECT ANSWER - Transport of materials across the plasma
membrane, with the concentration gradient.
Ex: Osmosis, Diffusion, and Facilitated Diffusion
Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER - Passive transport of molecules across a membrane
from high concentrations to low concentrations
Osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Passive transport of WATER from high to low
concentrations across a plasma membrane
Facilitated Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER - Passive transport using transport proteins to
help move material across the plasma membrane from high concentration to low concentration
Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - Balanced internal conditions
Active Transport - CORRECT ANSWER - Requires energy (ATP) to move molecules
across the cell membrane, using proteins and pumps, agaisnt the concentration gradient (low to
high)
Vesicles - CORRECT ANSWER - Small membrane bound sacs containing substances to
be transported into or out of the cell
Endocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Vesicles transporting large molecules INTO the cell
Exocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Vesicles transporting large molecules OUT of the cell
Concentration Gradient - CORRECT ANSWER - The different in concentration (amount)
of a substances on different sides of a membrane.
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Activation Energy - CORRECT ANSWER - The amount of energy needed to start a
chemical reaction.
Amino Acid - CORRECT ANSWER - Monomer (building block) of a protein.
Carbohydrate - CORRECT ANSWER - Monosaccharide formed mainly of carbon.
Main source of energy for the cell.
Example: glucose
Catalyst - CORRECT ANSWER - Lowers the activation energy needed and speeds up the
reaction.
Enzymes are a biological catalyst.
Enzyme - CORRECT ANSWER - Made up of protein and can act as a biological catalyst.
They have an active site where a substrate binds.
Lipid - CORRECT ANSWER - Made up of 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids.
Are used for long term energy storage.
Make up the phospholipid bilayer of the cell.
Monosaccharide - CORRECT ANSWER - Simple sugars.
Building blocks (monomer) of carbohydrates
Examples include: glucose and sucrose
Nucleic Acids - CORRECT ANSWER - Made up of nucleotides.
,Their function is to store genetic information in the form of DNA and RNA.
Protein - CORRECT ANSWER - Built from amino acids at the ribosomes with
instructions transcribed from RNA.
Make up enzymes and cell structures.
Cell Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - All living things are made of cells;
All cells come from other cells;
Cells are the basic structure and function of an organism.
Differentiation - CORRECT ANSWER - When undifferentiated stem cells are converted to
a specific cell type.
Eukaryote - CORRECT ANSWER - Large, complex cells that contain a nucleus and
membrane bound organelles.
Multicellular Organisms - CORRECT ANSWER - Organisms composed of many cells
(Ex. tissue, humans, etc.)
Organelles - CORRECT ANSWER - Small structures that perform various functions inside
the cell
Prokaryote - CORRECT ANSWER - Small, simple cells with no nucleus or membrane
bound organelles.
Stem Cells - CORRECT ANSWER - Undifferentiated cells
Unicellular Organism - CORRECT ANSWER - Organisms composed of only one cell (Ex.
Bacteria)
, Passive Transport - CORRECT ANSWER - Transport of materials across the plasma
membrane, with the concentration gradient.
Ex: Osmosis, Diffusion, and Facilitated Diffusion
Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER - Passive transport of molecules across a membrane
from high concentrations to low concentrations
Osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Passive transport of WATER from high to low
concentrations across a plasma membrane
Facilitated Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER - Passive transport using transport proteins to
help move material across the plasma membrane from high concentration to low concentration
Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - Balanced internal conditions
Active Transport - CORRECT ANSWER - Requires energy (ATP) to move molecules
across the cell membrane, using proteins and pumps, agaisnt the concentration gradient (low to
high)
Vesicles - CORRECT ANSWER - Small membrane bound sacs containing substances to
be transported into or out of the cell
Endocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Vesicles transporting large molecules INTO the cell
Exocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Vesicles transporting large molecules OUT of the cell
Concentration Gradient - CORRECT ANSWER - The different in concentration (amount)
of a substances on different sides of a membrane.
