G202 Final Exam UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
NGOs - CORRECT ANSWER - -don't have the power to make laws and regulations, and
we don't vote for them
-can leverage companies
GreenPeace Green My Apple Campaign - CORRECT ANSWER - -Greenpeace-
environmentalist group
-Greenpeace and other activist groups- People want to get attention and get people to listen to
them (ex: chicken costume and chainsaws in front of McDonald's) (these people are radicals but
strategic radicals)
-They do their irrational things for strategic reasons
-Greenpeace came after Apple and twisted their logo into the green my apple campaign (can't get
rid of e-waste in bad way)
-This campaign is about e-waste
-Targeted Apple because they were the leader in e-waste even though they do not have the
biggest computer market share
-Apple ended up following Greenpeace's plan for the most part
-Better use of recycling, energy usage
-Apple became the best in the industry in recycling after adopting the core of the Greenpeace
Campaign
-This activist group change an entire industry's standards, starting with Apple
-Activists make impact on corporate businesses
Why are there more NGO Campaigns? - CORRECT ANSWER - Communication costs are
rapidly decreasing. (in red)
-Easier to organize and manage campaigns.
Public trust in corporations is declining. (in red)
,-Easier to sway public opinion against firms.
Government bureaucracy is getting thicker. (in red)
-Policy-option can involve long delays.
Businesses are becoming more global. (in red)
-Inter-government action is hard to organize.
-In addition:
-50% distrust corporate leaders in the Starbuck's case
-Takes years or decades to get government policy to change
-you would have to lobby country after country by going to government over corporate firms.
Private Politics - CORRECT ANSWER - -occurs when NGO activists directly engage
private firms with their concerns instead of, or in addition to, trying to influence public policy
formation.
-The normal political issue stages include:
Development, Politicization, Legislative, and Implementation.
Development Stage - CORRECT ANSWER - -Concern about an issue develops from
dissatisfaction of an interest group.
-Initially the issue lacks broad appeal or widespread public support.
Politicization Stage - CORRECT ANSWER - -Issue commands more public attention.
-Politicians publically adopt issue as a campaign platform.
-Also considered one of the more important stages for activists
-Most crucial stage for the activists because gov't takes control after stage 2.
-Government keeps control after stage 2.
, Legislative Stage - CORRECT ANSWER - -Bill moves through the political process
(House and Senate) to become law, or to get rejected.
-Majority yes votes needed to pass the legislation.
Implementation Stage - CORRECT ANSWER - -Regulators introduce, implement, and
enforce final rules.
-Rules and interpretations can be challenged in the courts.
Legislative Stage is replaced with NGOs making direct demands on firms.
Issue Threats: boycotts or negative PR.
Promise Reward: PR endorsements or funding.
Implementation Stage is replaced with resolution of the NGO-firm dispute.
Bargaining by the two sides to come to an agreement.
May result in firm action, or may agree to disagree. - CORRECT ANSWER - In private
politics, the last two stages are replaced with NGO engagement of firms:
-Well-recognizable brand name.
-Firms that have a leadership position in the industry.
-Consumer product firms (down-stream firms).
-Firms producing products with low-switching costs.
-Sometimes, the 'worst offenders' are targeted, but not always.
-Firms that have shown interest in the NGO's issue in the past.
-Targets are picked specifically to fit each NGO campaign. - CORRECT ANSWER - What
characterized a good target?
-Starbucks made a good target
Questions and CORRECT Answers
NGOs - CORRECT ANSWER - -don't have the power to make laws and regulations, and
we don't vote for them
-can leverage companies
GreenPeace Green My Apple Campaign - CORRECT ANSWER - -Greenpeace-
environmentalist group
-Greenpeace and other activist groups- People want to get attention and get people to listen to
them (ex: chicken costume and chainsaws in front of McDonald's) (these people are radicals but
strategic radicals)
-They do their irrational things for strategic reasons
-Greenpeace came after Apple and twisted their logo into the green my apple campaign (can't get
rid of e-waste in bad way)
-This campaign is about e-waste
-Targeted Apple because they were the leader in e-waste even though they do not have the
biggest computer market share
-Apple ended up following Greenpeace's plan for the most part
-Better use of recycling, energy usage
-Apple became the best in the industry in recycling after adopting the core of the Greenpeace
Campaign
-This activist group change an entire industry's standards, starting with Apple
-Activists make impact on corporate businesses
Why are there more NGO Campaigns? - CORRECT ANSWER - Communication costs are
rapidly decreasing. (in red)
-Easier to organize and manage campaigns.
Public trust in corporations is declining. (in red)
,-Easier to sway public opinion against firms.
Government bureaucracy is getting thicker. (in red)
-Policy-option can involve long delays.
Businesses are becoming more global. (in red)
-Inter-government action is hard to organize.
-In addition:
-50% distrust corporate leaders in the Starbuck's case
-Takes years or decades to get government policy to change
-you would have to lobby country after country by going to government over corporate firms.
Private Politics - CORRECT ANSWER - -occurs when NGO activists directly engage
private firms with their concerns instead of, or in addition to, trying to influence public policy
formation.
-The normal political issue stages include:
Development, Politicization, Legislative, and Implementation.
Development Stage - CORRECT ANSWER - -Concern about an issue develops from
dissatisfaction of an interest group.
-Initially the issue lacks broad appeal or widespread public support.
Politicization Stage - CORRECT ANSWER - -Issue commands more public attention.
-Politicians publically adopt issue as a campaign platform.
-Also considered one of the more important stages for activists
-Most crucial stage for the activists because gov't takes control after stage 2.
-Government keeps control after stage 2.
, Legislative Stage - CORRECT ANSWER - -Bill moves through the political process
(House and Senate) to become law, or to get rejected.
-Majority yes votes needed to pass the legislation.
Implementation Stage - CORRECT ANSWER - -Regulators introduce, implement, and
enforce final rules.
-Rules and interpretations can be challenged in the courts.
Legislative Stage is replaced with NGOs making direct demands on firms.
Issue Threats: boycotts or negative PR.
Promise Reward: PR endorsements or funding.
Implementation Stage is replaced with resolution of the NGO-firm dispute.
Bargaining by the two sides to come to an agreement.
May result in firm action, or may agree to disagree. - CORRECT ANSWER - In private
politics, the last two stages are replaced with NGO engagement of firms:
-Well-recognizable brand name.
-Firms that have a leadership position in the industry.
-Consumer product firms (down-stream firms).
-Firms producing products with low-switching costs.
-Sometimes, the 'worst offenders' are targeted, but not always.
-Firms that have shown interest in the NGO's issue in the past.
-Targets are picked specifically to fit each NGO campaign. - CORRECT ANSWER - What
characterized a good target?
-Starbucks made a good target
