Unit #6 patterns of inheritance Exam Questions And Answers

Allele - ANS alternative forms of genes (one in purple one in white) Chromosome Theory of Inheritance - ANS the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns Codominance - ANS When a trait has two dominant alleles Cross-Fertilization - ANS sperm from the pollen of one flower fertilizes the eggs in the flower of a different plant. Dihybrid Cross - ANS a pairing of two traits from one parent (uses two traits; 16 square Punnett Square) Dominant - ANS when only one of the two heterozygous alleles affects the trait Gene Locus - ANS The specific position of a gene on a chromosome. Genetic Linkage - ANS The proximity of nearby gene makes them more unlikely of being separated during crossing over Genetics - ANS the study of heredity Genotype - ANS The genetic makeup of alleles Heterozygous - ANS when the two alleles are different Homozygous - ANS when the two alleles are the same Hybrid - ANS the off spring of two different true breeding varieties Intermediate Inheritance - ANS When the heterozygotes share phenotypes of both homozygotes Monohybrid cross - ANS a pairing in which the parent plants differ in only one character (mono) Phenotype - ANS An observable trait Polygenic Inheritance - ANS Traits that are controlled by many genes Punnett Square - ANS The type of diagram that shows all possible outcomes of a genetic cross. Recessive - ANS the allele that does not affect the trait "Sex-Linked Gene - ANS (X-Linked Gene)" - ANS genes only carried on the X chromosome Testcross - ANS A way to explore the genotype of an organism Trait - ANS a characteristic you inherit from genetics Autosomal Linked Trait - ANS traits that linked together that do not determine sex Who was the first person to outline the basic rules of genetics? - ANS Gregory Mendel What are the names of his 2 principles? - ANS Law of Segregation and Law of Independent Assortment What plant did he do his experiments on? - ANS pea plants Define Punnett Square. - ANS A square that shows all the posible put comes from mulitple gametes. What are the 3 types of genotypes? - ANS Homozygous dominant, heterozygous dominant, homozygous recessive. What are the 2 types of phenotypes? - ANS dominant and recessive What is the formula for a heterozygous x homozygous recessive cross? - ANS Aa x aa Expected genotypes of the cross above? - ANS HD: 50% HR: 50% Expected phenotypes of the cross above? - ANS 50% dominant 50% recessive From the inheritance lab, what are the expected results for offspring genotypes? - ANS HD: 25%, HZ: 50%, HR: 25% What were the actual reuslts from the lab? - ANS HD: 24.44%, HZ: 49.56%, HR: 26.00% Why the discrepancy? - ANS random chance/random selection of chromosomes Write the genotype for yellow - ANS pp Write the genotype for purple wrinkled - ANS PPss, Ppss Write the phenotype for Ppss - ANS purple wrinkled Write the phenotype for ppSs - ANS yellow smooth Genotype for Smooth kernel - ANS SS, Ss Genotype for Yellow kernel - ANS pp