9th Grade Grammar Study Guide
1. Parts of Speech
Nouns: A noun names a person, place, thing, or idea.
Examples: dog, school, love, happiness
Pronouns: A pronoun replaces a noun.
Examples: he, she, it, they
Verbs: A verb expresses action or being.
Examples: run, jump, is, are
Adjectives: An adjective describes a noun.
Examples: blue, tall, happy
Adverbs: An adverb describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb.
Examples: quickly, very, quietly
Prepositions: A preposition shows a relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and another word in
the sentence.
Examples: in, on, under, between
Conjunctions: A conjunction connects words or groups of words.
Examples: and, but, or, so
, Interjections: An interjection expresses strong feelings or reactions.
Examples: wow, oh, ouch
2. Sentence Structure
Simple Sentence: A sentence with one independent clause.
Example: The cat sleeps.
Compound Sentence: A sentence with two independent clauses connected by a conjunction or
semicolon.
Example: I like pizza, but she likes pasta.
Complex Sentence: A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
Example: Although it was raining, I went for a run.
Compound-Complex Sentence: A sentence with two independent clauses and at least one
dependent clause.
Example: While I like coffee, my friend prefers tea, and we both enjoy reading.
3. Punctuation Rules
Commas: Used in lists, after introductory phrases, before conjunctions in compound sentences.
Example: I like apples, bananas, and grapes.
1. Parts of Speech
Nouns: A noun names a person, place, thing, or idea.
Examples: dog, school, love, happiness
Pronouns: A pronoun replaces a noun.
Examples: he, she, it, they
Verbs: A verb expresses action or being.
Examples: run, jump, is, are
Adjectives: An adjective describes a noun.
Examples: blue, tall, happy
Adverbs: An adverb describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb.
Examples: quickly, very, quietly
Prepositions: A preposition shows a relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and another word in
the sentence.
Examples: in, on, under, between
Conjunctions: A conjunction connects words or groups of words.
Examples: and, but, or, so
, Interjections: An interjection expresses strong feelings or reactions.
Examples: wow, oh, ouch
2. Sentence Structure
Simple Sentence: A sentence with one independent clause.
Example: The cat sleeps.
Compound Sentence: A sentence with two independent clauses connected by a conjunction or
semicolon.
Example: I like pizza, but she likes pasta.
Complex Sentence: A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
Example: Although it was raining, I went for a run.
Compound-Complex Sentence: A sentence with two independent clauses and at least one
dependent clause.
Example: While I like coffee, my friend prefers tea, and we both enjoy reading.
3. Punctuation Rules
Commas: Used in lists, after introductory phrases, before conjunctions in compound sentences.
Example: I like apples, bananas, and grapes.
