NUSCTX 10, Midterm 1 Exam Questions
With All Correct Answers 2025 Latest
Update
Anabolism CORRECT ANSWERS Uses energy to construct components of cells.
Catabolism CORRECT ANSWERS Breaks down organic matter, for example, to
harvest energy.
Nutrient Density CORRECT ANSWERS A measure of the nutrient a food provides
compared to its energy content.
Trace Minerals CORRECT ANSWERS Needed only in tiny amounts.
These minerals participate in most chemical reactions in the body.
These include iron, zinc, iodine, copper, manganese.
Protein Complementation CORRECT ANSWERS The act of consuming a variety of
plant products to provide all the necessary protein components.
Essential Fatty Acids CORRECT ANSWERS Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids.
May reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Obtained from canola oil, flaxseed oil, cold-water fish, or fish oil.
Metabolism CORRECT ANSWERS The set of life-sustaining chemical transformations
within the cells of living organisms.
Mitochondrial Matrix CORRECT ANSWERS The compartment of the mitochondrion
enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the citric
acid cycle.
Respiration CORRECT ANSWERS Is needed to produce a hydrogen (electron-proton)
gradient.
Falsifiability CORRECT ANSWERS Capable of being tested by experiment or
observation.
Endoplasmic Reticulum CORRECT ANSWERS A system of membranes that is found in
a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of
proteins and in the production of lipids.
,Lipid metabolism occurs in Smooth ER
Protein synthesis occurs in Rough ER
Lysosome CORRECT ANSWERS A small, round cell structure containing chemicals
that break down large food particles into smaller ones.
Enzyme CORRECT ANSWERS Biological catalysts that work by lowering the activation
energy for a reaction, thus dramatically increasing the rate of the reaction.
Oxidation CORRECT ANSWERS A chemical change in which a substance combines
with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes, forming rust
Entropy CORRECT ANSWERS A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness.
Breaking down.
Villi CORRECT ANSWERS Fingerlike extensions of the intestinal mucosa that increase
the surface area for absorption.
Calor CORRECT ANSWERS Mass(Velocity)
Calorimetry CORRECT ANSWERS Direct and indirect are used to measure quantities
of heat.
Gross Energy CORRECT ANSWERS The total energy intake in the diet.
Metabolizable Energy CORRECT ANSWERS Digestible energy minus fecal and urinary
energy.
Basal Metabolic Rate CORRECT ANSWERS Energy to maintain life processes.
Factors that affect it include: age, growth, height, % lean tissue, fasting, starvation,
malnutrition, fever, hormones, and sleep.
70% of total energy use by body depends on lean body mass
Pair-feeding CORRECT ANSWERS An experimental method in which food intake or
energy (calorie) intake are limited to become same between animal groups and to
exclude effects in the animals by differences of food (energy) intake.
Turnover CORRECT ANSWERS The movement of something into, through and out of a
place, the rate at which a thing is depleted and replaced.
, Thyroxine CORRECT ANSWERS The main hormone produced by the thyroid gland,
acting to increase metabolic rate and so regulating growth and development. Affects
BMR.
Adaptive Thermogenesis CORRECT ANSWERS Heat production, shivering, excess
heat from overeating, adaption to trauma, stress, very different for different people, not
usually included in energy calculations.
W^(3/4) CORRECT ANSWERS Metabolic rate is proportional to weight (kg) to the 3/4
power
Lumen CORRECT ANSWERS A cavity or passage in a tubular organ.
Cephalic CORRECT ANSWERS Pertaining to the head.
Autonomic CORRECT ANSWERS A subdivision of the peripheral nervous system.
Controls involuntary activity of visceral muscles and internal organs and glands.
Sensory Cells CORRECT ANSWERS Specialized cells that react to external stimuli.
Enteric Neuron CORRECT ANSWERS The enteric nervous system or intrinsic nervous
system is one of the main divisions of the autonomic nervous system and consists of a
mesh-like system of neurons that governs the function of the gastrointestinal system.
Active Transport CORRECT ANSWERS The movements of ions and molecules across
a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and
requiring energy.
Microvilli CORRECT ANSWERS Fingerlike extensions of plasma membrane of apical
epithelial cells, increase surface area, aid in absorbtion, exist on every moist epithelia,
but most dense in small intestine and kidney
Crypt CORRECT ANSWERS A small tubular gland, pit, or recess.
Duodenum CORRECT ANSWERS The first part of the small intestine immediately
beyond the stomach, leading to the jejunum.
Bicarbonate CORRECT ANSWERS A salt containing the anion HCO3
Peristalsis CORRECT ANSWERS The involuntary constriction and relaxation of the
muscles of the intestine or canal, creating wavelike movements that push the contents
of the canal forward.
Bile CORRECT ANSWERS Emulsifies fats.
With All Correct Answers 2025 Latest
Update
Anabolism CORRECT ANSWERS Uses energy to construct components of cells.
Catabolism CORRECT ANSWERS Breaks down organic matter, for example, to
harvest energy.
Nutrient Density CORRECT ANSWERS A measure of the nutrient a food provides
compared to its energy content.
Trace Minerals CORRECT ANSWERS Needed only in tiny amounts.
These minerals participate in most chemical reactions in the body.
These include iron, zinc, iodine, copper, manganese.
Protein Complementation CORRECT ANSWERS The act of consuming a variety of
plant products to provide all the necessary protein components.
Essential Fatty Acids CORRECT ANSWERS Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids.
May reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Obtained from canola oil, flaxseed oil, cold-water fish, or fish oil.
Metabolism CORRECT ANSWERS The set of life-sustaining chemical transformations
within the cells of living organisms.
Mitochondrial Matrix CORRECT ANSWERS The compartment of the mitochondrion
enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the citric
acid cycle.
Respiration CORRECT ANSWERS Is needed to produce a hydrogen (electron-proton)
gradient.
Falsifiability CORRECT ANSWERS Capable of being tested by experiment or
observation.
Endoplasmic Reticulum CORRECT ANSWERS A system of membranes that is found in
a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of
proteins and in the production of lipids.
,Lipid metabolism occurs in Smooth ER
Protein synthesis occurs in Rough ER
Lysosome CORRECT ANSWERS A small, round cell structure containing chemicals
that break down large food particles into smaller ones.
Enzyme CORRECT ANSWERS Biological catalysts that work by lowering the activation
energy for a reaction, thus dramatically increasing the rate of the reaction.
Oxidation CORRECT ANSWERS A chemical change in which a substance combines
with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes, forming rust
Entropy CORRECT ANSWERS A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness.
Breaking down.
Villi CORRECT ANSWERS Fingerlike extensions of the intestinal mucosa that increase
the surface area for absorption.
Calor CORRECT ANSWERS Mass(Velocity)
Calorimetry CORRECT ANSWERS Direct and indirect are used to measure quantities
of heat.
Gross Energy CORRECT ANSWERS The total energy intake in the diet.
Metabolizable Energy CORRECT ANSWERS Digestible energy minus fecal and urinary
energy.
Basal Metabolic Rate CORRECT ANSWERS Energy to maintain life processes.
Factors that affect it include: age, growth, height, % lean tissue, fasting, starvation,
malnutrition, fever, hormones, and sleep.
70% of total energy use by body depends on lean body mass
Pair-feeding CORRECT ANSWERS An experimental method in which food intake or
energy (calorie) intake are limited to become same between animal groups and to
exclude effects in the animals by differences of food (energy) intake.
Turnover CORRECT ANSWERS The movement of something into, through and out of a
place, the rate at which a thing is depleted and replaced.
, Thyroxine CORRECT ANSWERS The main hormone produced by the thyroid gland,
acting to increase metabolic rate and so regulating growth and development. Affects
BMR.
Adaptive Thermogenesis CORRECT ANSWERS Heat production, shivering, excess
heat from overeating, adaption to trauma, stress, very different for different people, not
usually included in energy calculations.
W^(3/4) CORRECT ANSWERS Metabolic rate is proportional to weight (kg) to the 3/4
power
Lumen CORRECT ANSWERS A cavity or passage in a tubular organ.
Cephalic CORRECT ANSWERS Pertaining to the head.
Autonomic CORRECT ANSWERS A subdivision of the peripheral nervous system.
Controls involuntary activity of visceral muscles and internal organs and glands.
Sensory Cells CORRECT ANSWERS Specialized cells that react to external stimuli.
Enteric Neuron CORRECT ANSWERS The enteric nervous system or intrinsic nervous
system is one of the main divisions of the autonomic nervous system and consists of a
mesh-like system of neurons that governs the function of the gastrointestinal system.
Active Transport CORRECT ANSWERS The movements of ions and molecules across
a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and
requiring energy.
Microvilli CORRECT ANSWERS Fingerlike extensions of plasma membrane of apical
epithelial cells, increase surface area, aid in absorbtion, exist on every moist epithelia,
but most dense in small intestine and kidney
Crypt CORRECT ANSWERS A small tubular gland, pit, or recess.
Duodenum CORRECT ANSWERS The first part of the small intestine immediately
beyond the stomach, leading to the jejunum.
Bicarbonate CORRECT ANSWERS A salt containing the anion HCO3
Peristalsis CORRECT ANSWERS The involuntary constriction and relaxation of the
muscles of the intestine or canal, creating wavelike movements that push the contents
of the canal forward.
Bile CORRECT ANSWERS Emulsifies fats.
