BIO 1500 EXAM 2 LEARNING
OBJECTIVES UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Formulate a hypothesis about the factors that allowed insects to be so big, based on the findings
of Clapham and Karr. - CORRECT ANSWER - No aerial predators
Temperature
Describe and interpret Figure one of Clapham and Karr. - CORRECT ANSWER - Top
part- wing length
Bottom part- oxygen pressure
Describe the evidence that supports Clapham and Karr's conclusions - CORRECT
ANSWER - When birds evolved, dragonfly size decreased because birds became predators
Identify the wavelengths (i.e. colors) of light absorbed by chlorophyll - CORRECT
ANSWER - Absorbs red, blue, and violet light and reflects wavelengths we perceive as
green.
Recall the basic function, inputs, and outputs of the light-dependent and light-independent
reactions of photosynthesis. Explain why O2 is a by-product of photosynthesis - CORRECT
ANSWER - Light Dependent:
-Takes place during the day
-ATP is synthesized
-NADH is generated
-Water is split apart in process releasing oxygen as by-product
-Needs ADP, H2O, and sun to make O2 and ATP
-----------------------------------------------------------
Light Independent (Calvin Cycle)
-Takes place during light/day
, -Energy from ATP and NADH is used to build glucose from CO2 and Water (calvin cycle)
-Needs ATP, CO2, and H2O to make glucose and ADP
Identify ATP as the main transport form and immediate source of energy in cells - CORRECT
ANSWER - Used to transport energy around cells
Energy currency of cell (like money/battery)
Can be easily broken down and multifunctional in aspect of energy delivering
Describe the chemical and energetic changes that occur as ADP cycles to ATP and back again to
ADP - CORRECT ANSWER - Reason why ATP is so useful for transporting energy
around the cell is because the cell can break the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate group
which then results in ADP.
The energy that was stored in that bond is now available for use to build other molecules.
Recall the processes that lead to the Great Oxygen Event & how earth looked before and after
this event - CORRECT ANSWER - 3-2.3 billion years ago
Before this, all organisms were heterotrophic (using/consuming organic matter) prokaryotes
(cells without nucleus)
Cyanobacteria evolved photosynthesis
Assess the different outcomes of the oxygen revolution regarding their consequences for life on
earth and for earth's geology and atmosphere. - CORRECT ANSWER - -Minerals formed
(banded iron ore)
-Ozone layer in the atmosphere formed - protects us from UV light
-All of the free O2 was toxic to the cells which lead to a global mass extinction of organisms
-O2 reacted with the greenhouse gas Methane, which removed it from the atmosphere
-Caused the Snowball Ice Age (2.4-2.1 bya)
Describe the relationships between the terms chromosome, gene, allele, and DNA. - CORRECT
ANSWER - -DNA is arranged on chromosomes in segments called genes. One gene tells
the cell how to make one protein. Different variations of a gene are called alleles.
OBJECTIVES UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Formulate a hypothesis about the factors that allowed insects to be so big, based on the findings
of Clapham and Karr. - CORRECT ANSWER - No aerial predators
Temperature
Describe and interpret Figure one of Clapham and Karr. - CORRECT ANSWER - Top
part- wing length
Bottom part- oxygen pressure
Describe the evidence that supports Clapham and Karr's conclusions - CORRECT
ANSWER - When birds evolved, dragonfly size decreased because birds became predators
Identify the wavelengths (i.e. colors) of light absorbed by chlorophyll - CORRECT
ANSWER - Absorbs red, blue, and violet light and reflects wavelengths we perceive as
green.
Recall the basic function, inputs, and outputs of the light-dependent and light-independent
reactions of photosynthesis. Explain why O2 is a by-product of photosynthesis - CORRECT
ANSWER - Light Dependent:
-Takes place during the day
-ATP is synthesized
-NADH is generated
-Water is split apart in process releasing oxygen as by-product
-Needs ADP, H2O, and sun to make O2 and ATP
-----------------------------------------------------------
Light Independent (Calvin Cycle)
-Takes place during light/day
, -Energy from ATP and NADH is used to build glucose from CO2 and Water (calvin cycle)
-Needs ATP, CO2, and H2O to make glucose and ADP
Identify ATP as the main transport form and immediate source of energy in cells - CORRECT
ANSWER - Used to transport energy around cells
Energy currency of cell (like money/battery)
Can be easily broken down and multifunctional in aspect of energy delivering
Describe the chemical and energetic changes that occur as ADP cycles to ATP and back again to
ADP - CORRECT ANSWER - Reason why ATP is so useful for transporting energy
around the cell is because the cell can break the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate group
which then results in ADP.
The energy that was stored in that bond is now available for use to build other molecules.
Recall the processes that lead to the Great Oxygen Event & how earth looked before and after
this event - CORRECT ANSWER - 3-2.3 billion years ago
Before this, all organisms were heterotrophic (using/consuming organic matter) prokaryotes
(cells without nucleus)
Cyanobacteria evolved photosynthesis
Assess the different outcomes of the oxygen revolution regarding their consequences for life on
earth and for earth's geology and atmosphere. - CORRECT ANSWER - -Minerals formed
(banded iron ore)
-Ozone layer in the atmosphere formed - protects us from UV light
-All of the free O2 was toxic to the cells which lead to a global mass extinction of organisms
-O2 reacted with the greenhouse gas Methane, which removed it from the atmosphere
-Caused the Snowball Ice Age (2.4-2.1 bya)
Describe the relationships between the terms chromosome, gene, allele, and DNA. - CORRECT
ANSWER - -DNA is arranged on chromosomes in segments called genes. One gene tells
the cell how to make one protein. Different variations of a gene are called alleles.
