Bio 1500 test 3 (schul) UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Describe an effective experimental design to determine whether an environmental variable
imposes selection on a trait - CORRECT ANSWER - - control constants (temperature,
environment, food, etc.)
- manipulate independent variable(s)
- record dependent variable(s)
- keep control group
Recognize the potential of natural selection to cause dramatic changes in phenotype, e.g. body
size. - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Phenotypes are a variable in population
2. Offspring have the same/similar phenotype as parents (phenotype is heritable)
3. Survival and reproduction depends on this phenotype
4. Future generation: genetic composition of population changes
Natural Selection - CORRECT ANSWER - One of several "mechanisms of evolution." A
"mechanism of evolution" are processes that cause allele frequency to change.
Population - CORRECT ANSWER - group of individuals that interbreed and reproduce
Phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER - observable traits
Fitness - CORRECT ANSWER - ability to survive and reproduce in an environment
Adaptation - CORRECT ANSWER - trait that increases fitness of an individual with this
trait relative to others without it.
Carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER - - Building Block: monosaccharides (carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen) - Monosaccharides: glucose, galactose, fructose
, - Disaccharides: lactose, maltose, sucrose
-Polysaccharides: cellulose, glycogen, starch, chitin
Proteins - CORRECT ANSWER - BB: amino acids
Linked by peptide bonds → long amino acid chain = polypeptide
Lipids - CORRECT ANSWER - - BB: fatty acids and glycerol
-Fats and oils - saturated (solid at room temp; max H+ bond) vs unsaturated (oil/liq): Trans Fats
(hydrogenated PB), omega fatty acids (salmon)
-Waxes
-Phospholipids: Make cellular membranes
-Steroids: Cholesterol; Sterols in plants
Nucleic Acid - CORRECT ANSWER - BB: nucleotides
- DNA & RNA
Relationship between the terms monomer and polymer - CORRECT ANSWER -
Monomers bond to form larger molecules called polymers. A monomer is a single, small
molecule, or molecular fragment.
Hydrolysis - CORRECT ANSWER - Breaks down polymers
-Adds H2O
-Facilitated by enzymes (proteins)
Dehydration - CORRECT ANSWER - Strings monomers together
-removes H2O
Prokaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER - - single celled organisms with no membrane bound
organelles. -DNA is in an unenclosed nucleoid
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Describe an effective experimental design to determine whether an environmental variable
imposes selection on a trait - CORRECT ANSWER - - control constants (temperature,
environment, food, etc.)
- manipulate independent variable(s)
- record dependent variable(s)
- keep control group
Recognize the potential of natural selection to cause dramatic changes in phenotype, e.g. body
size. - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Phenotypes are a variable in population
2. Offspring have the same/similar phenotype as parents (phenotype is heritable)
3. Survival and reproduction depends on this phenotype
4. Future generation: genetic composition of population changes
Natural Selection - CORRECT ANSWER - One of several "mechanisms of evolution." A
"mechanism of evolution" are processes that cause allele frequency to change.
Population - CORRECT ANSWER - group of individuals that interbreed and reproduce
Phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER - observable traits
Fitness - CORRECT ANSWER - ability to survive and reproduce in an environment
Adaptation - CORRECT ANSWER - trait that increases fitness of an individual with this
trait relative to others without it.
Carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER - - Building Block: monosaccharides (carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen) - Monosaccharides: glucose, galactose, fructose
, - Disaccharides: lactose, maltose, sucrose
-Polysaccharides: cellulose, glycogen, starch, chitin
Proteins - CORRECT ANSWER - BB: amino acids
Linked by peptide bonds → long amino acid chain = polypeptide
Lipids - CORRECT ANSWER - - BB: fatty acids and glycerol
-Fats and oils - saturated (solid at room temp; max H+ bond) vs unsaturated (oil/liq): Trans Fats
(hydrogenated PB), omega fatty acids (salmon)
-Waxes
-Phospholipids: Make cellular membranes
-Steroids: Cholesterol; Sterols in plants
Nucleic Acid - CORRECT ANSWER - BB: nucleotides
- DNA & RNA
Relationship between the terms monomer and polymer - CORRECT ANSWER -
Monomers bond to form larger molecules called polymers. A monomer is a single, small
molecule, or molecular fragment.
Hydrolysis - CORRECT ANSWER - Breaks down polymers
-Adds H2O
-Facilitated by enzymes (proteins)
Dehydration - CORRECT ANSWER - Strings monomers together
-removes H2O
Prokaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER - - single celled organisms with no membrane bound
organelles. -DNA is in an unenclosed nucleoid
