BIO 1500 Test 4 BUSH UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Explain how circular processes of photosynthesis & cellular respiration result in the cycling of
carbon within ecosystems - CORRECT ANSWER - Increase in PS relative to CR will
increase O2. All carbon in organic molecules comes from products of PS, the carbon gets put
back into the air by being consumed by animals/decomposers & release CO2 (Cr produces water
& CO2 which PS uses to make O2 & glucose which CR uses)
Explain the 2 reason for an imbalance in this cycle that led to the increased O2 during the
Carboniferous - CORRECT ANSWER - Land was full of plants, so lots of PS but lots of
carbon was buried instead of undergoing CR because these tress used lignin instead of cellulose
which resulted in no decomposers breaking it down; those carbon became fossil fuels
Describe the hypothesized reasons for the decline in O2 during the late Permian - CORRECT
ANSWER - It was a drier climate so there was a reduction in PS. Decomposition
facilitated by sandy sediments, fungi evolved to be able to break down lignin; more carbo enters
CR so O2 levels dropped
Explain the importance of lignin & lignin decomposition on the rise & fall of O2 levels during
the Carboniferous - CORRECT ANSWER - when lignin is present you have more O2
released into the atmosphere & coal formation & bigger plants; lignin decomposition removes
excess O2 from the atmosphere & go back into organic carbons w/ no coal formation
explain where most of the matter in organic carbons comes from - CORRECT ANSWER -
feces & remains if organisms such as plants and animals
Recall the elevation of Mt. Everest - CORRECT ANSWER - 8,848 (between 8,800 &
8,900)
Recall the reason for 'death zone' & where a death zone occurs - CORRECT ANSWER -
there is insufficient oxygen that prevents people from remaining above 8000 meters for more
than 48 hours. It may start to feel like a slow choke. There is trenchrous terrain, high winds &
, low temps. You will get frost bite & blood vessels in the skin preserve core body temps. the body
will use up it's store of oxygen faster than breathing can replenish it
Recall the migration path of Bar Headed Geese & which feature makes it remarkable -
CORRECT ANSWER - they migrate from India to the Mongolia by flying over the
Himalayas mountains. they can do this because they have more capillaries & more efficient red
blood cells, meaning their bodies can deliver more O2 to muscle cells faster; increase the net
quantity of O2 in blood)
Know the functions of mammalian respiratory system - CORRECT ANSWER - supply O2
to the cells, which they need to perform CR & rid the body of CO2 that was produced as a
byproduct of CR
List the steps in mammalian respiration - CORRECT ANSWER - inhale air from
atmosphere, diffuse of air to red blood cells in lungs, change in partial pressure from alveoli to
the capillaries drives O2 into the tissues & CO2 into the blood. Blood is then transported to
lungs, CO2 out of the blood to the lungs then O2 in blood then exhale & out comes CO2
Know these definitions - CORRECT ANSWER - gas exchange: movement of O2 from air
into the blood, & CO2 from blood into air
Tidal volume - CORRECT ANSWER - amount of air that moves in & out of the lungs per
breath when breathing normally
Vital capacity - CORRECT ANSWER - amount of air moving in & out the lungs when
exercising vigorously
Alveoli - CORRECT ANSWER - parts of the lungs across which gases are exchanged
ventilation - CORRECT ANSWER - movement of air between the outside world & the gas
exchange surface
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Explain how circular processes of photosynthesis & cellular respiration result in the cycling of
carbon within ecosystems - CORRECT ANSWER - Increase in PS relative to CR will
increase O2. All carbon in organic molecules comes from products of PS, the carbon gets put
back into the air by being consumed by animals/decomposers & release CO2 (Cr produces water
& CO2 which PS uses to make O2 & glucose which CR uses)
Explain the 2 reason for an imbalance in this cycle that led to the increased O2 during the
Carboniferous - CORRECT ANSWER - Land was full of plants, so lots of PS but lots of
carbon was buried instead of undergoing CR because these tress used lignin instead of cellulose
which resulted in no decomposers breaking it down; those carbon became fossil fuels
Describe the hypothesized reasons for the decline in O2 during the late Permian - CORRECT
ANSWER - It was a drier climate so there was a reduction in PS. Decomposition
facilitated by sandy sediments, fungi evolved to be able to break down lignin; more carbo enters
CR so O2 levels dropped
Explain the importance of lignin & lignin decomposition on the rise & fall of O2 levels during
the Carboniferous - CORRECT ANSWER - when lignin is present you have more O2
released into the atmosphere & coal formation & bigger plants; lignin decomposition removes
excess O2 from the atmosphere & go back into organic carbons w/ no coal formation
explain where most of the matter in organic carbons comes from - CORRECT ANSWER -
feces & remains if organisms such as plants and animals
Recall the elevation of Mt. Everest - CORRECT ANSWER - 8,848 (between 8,800 &
8,900)
Recall the reason for 'death zone' & where a death zone occurs - CORRECT ANSWER -
there is insufficient oxygen that prevents people from remaining above 8000 meters for more
than 48 hours. It may start to feel like a slow choke. There is trenchrous terrain, high winds &
, low temps. You will get frost bite & blood vessels in the skin preserve core body temps. the body
will use up it's store of oxygen faster than breathing can replenish it
Recall the migration path of Bar Headed Geese & which feature makes it remarkable -
CORRECT ANSWER - they migrate from India to the Mongolia by flying over the
Himalayas mountains. they can do this because they have more capillaries & more efficient red
blood cells, meaning their bodies can deliver more O2 to muscle cells faster; increase the net
quantity of O2 in blood)
Know the functions of mammalian respiratory system - CORRECT ANSWER - supply O2
to the cells, which they need to perform CR & rid the body of CO2 that was produced as a
byproduct of CR
List the steps in mammalian respiration - CORRECT ANSWER - inhale air from
atmosphere, diffuse of air to red blood cells in lungs, change in partial pressure from alveoli to
the capillaries drives O2 into the tissues & CO2 into the blood. Blood is then transported to
lungs, CO2 out of the blood to the lungs then O2 in blood then exhale & out comes CO2
Know these definitions - CORRECT ANSWER - gas exchange: movement of O2 from air
into the blood, & CO2 from blood into air
Tidal volume - CORRECT ANSWER - amount of air that moves in & out of the lungs per
breath when breathing normally
Vital capacity - CORRECT ANSWER - amount of air moving in & out the lungs when
exercising vigorously
Alveoli - CORRECT ANSWER - parts of the lungs across which gases are exchanged
ventilation - CORRECT ANSWER - movement of air between the outside world & the gas
exchange surface
