Biology 1500 Exam 2 (Nathan Mills)
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
The basic structural and functional unit of life in living organisms - CORRECT
ANSWER - Cells
Cell Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Cells are the fundamental structural and
functional unit of life
2. The activity of an organism depends on the individual and collective activity of cells.
3. The activity of a cell is dictated by sub-cellular structures.
4. The continuity of life has a cellular basis.
How many cells can be in an organism? - CORRECT ANSWER - Can vary from 1 to
trillions depending on size (humans have roughly 37 trillion cells)
Cells can be thought of as what? - CORRECT ANSWER - A manufacturing plant
What are the basic characteristics of all cells? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Plasma
membrane
2. Semifluid substance (cytosol)
3. Chromosomes
4. Ribosomes(make proteins)
What are the two types of cells and their basic differences? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Prokaryotic cells-no nucleus or membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotic cells-DNA in nucleus bounded by a membrane (much larger than prokaryotic cells)
,What are the characteristics of prokaryotic cells? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. No
nucleus(DNA in an unbound region called the nucleoid)
2. No membrane bound organelles
3. Cytoplasm bound by plasma membrane
Examples of Prokaryotic cells - CORRECT ANSWER - Bacteria and Archaea
What are the characteristics of eukaryotic cells? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. DNA in a
nucleus that is bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope
2. Membrane bound organelles
3. Cytoplasm in the region between the plasma membrane and the nucleus
4. Eukaryotic cells are generally much larger than prokaryotic cells
Examples of eukaryotic cells - CORRECT ANSWER - Animal cells, Plant cells, fungi
cells
Describe the Plasma Membrane's structure - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Phospholipid
bilayer
2. Transport and receptor proteins
3. Cholesterol (a steroid that stabilizes the tails of the phospholipid bilayer)
4. Glycolipids (lipids with attached carbohydrates)
Describe the function of the plasma membrane - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Separates
intracellular fluids from extracellular fluids
2. Control what enters and leaves the cell
3. Communication
Describe the structure of the cell wall (plants and fungi) - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.
Carbohydrate fibers in a carbohydrate or protein matrix
2. Not a membrane
, Describe the function of the cell wall - CORRECT ANSWER - Protection and structural
support
Describe the structure of Cilia and Flagella? (mostly in animals) - CORRECT ANSWER -
1. Extension of the plasma membrane containing a complex of proteins (ex. microtubules) that
support and move the structure
2. Structural differences result in very different movement patterns between flagella and cilia.
3. Generally only one or two flagella per cell, whereas there may be many cilia.
What is the function of Cilia and Flagella - CORRECT ANSWER - Move the cell through
fluid (cilia and flagella) or move fluid past the cell (cilia)
Types of cell junctions - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. tight junctions
2. desmosomes
3. gap junctions
4. Plasmodesmata
What is a tight junction? - CORRECT ANSWER - Tight junctions form an impermeable
connection between adjacent cells so that extracellular fluids cannot pass between adjacent cells
(in animals) (ex. Stomach lining)
Its like a Ziploc bag
Not super strong but holds things well enough
What is a Desmosome? - CORRECT ANSWER - Acts like rivets that form mechanically
strong connections between adjacent cells (in animal cells)
Like fibers running across cells (muscle cells are an example of this)
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
The basic structural and functional unit of life in living organisms - CORRECT
ANSWER - Cells
Cell Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Cells are the fundamental structural and
functional unit of life
2. The activity of an organism depends on the individual and collective activity of cells.
3. The activity of a cell is dictated by sub-cellular structures.
4. The continuity of life has a cellular basis.
How many cells can be in an organism? - CORRECT ANSWER - Can vary from 1 to
trillions depending on size (humans have roughly 37 trillion cells)
Cells can be thought of as what? - CORRECT ANSWER - A manufacturing plant
What are the basic characteristics of all cells? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Plasma
membrane
2. Semifluid substance (cytosol)
3. Chromosomes
4. Ribosomes(make proteins)
What are the two types of cells and their basic differences? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Prokaryotic cells-no nucleus or membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotic cells-DNA in nucleus bounded by a membrane (much larger than prokaryotic cells)
,What are the characteristics of prokaryotic cells? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. No
nucleus(DNA in an unbound region called the nucleoid)
2. No membrane bound organelles
3. Cytoplasm bound by plasma membrane
Examples of Prokaryotic cells - CORRECT ANSWER - Bacteria and Archaea
What are the characteristics of eukaryotic cells? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. DNA in a
nucleus that is bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope
2. Membrane bound organelles
3. Cytoplasm in the region between the plasma membrane and the nucleus
4. Eukaryotic cells are generally much larger than prokaryotic cells
Examples of eukaryotic cells - CORRECT ANSWER - Animal cells, Plant cells, fungi
cells
Describe the Plasma Membrane's structure - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Phospholipid
bilayer
2. Transport and receptor proteins
3. Cholesterol (a steroid that stabilizes the tails of the phospholipid bilayer)
4. Glycolipids (lipids with attached carbohydrates)
Describe the function of the plasma membrane - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Separates
intracellular fluids from extracellular fluids
2. Control what enters and leaves the cell
3. Communication
Describe the structure of the cell wall (plants and fungi) - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.
Carbohydrate fibers in a carbohydrate or protein matrix
2. Not a membrane
, Describe the function of the cell wall - CORRECT ANSWER - Protection and structural
support
Describe the structure of Cilia and Flagella? (mostly in animals) - CORRECT ANSWER -
1. Extension of the plasma membrane containing a complex of proteins (ex. microtubules) that
support and move the structure
2. Structural differences result in very different movement patterns between flagella and cilia.
3. Generally only one or two flagella per cell, whereas there may be many cilia.
What is the function of Cilia and Flagella - CORRECT ANSWER - Move the cell through
fluid (cilia and flagella) or move fluid past the cell (cilia)
Types of cell junctions - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. tight junctions
2. desmosomes
3. gap junctions
4. Plasmodesmata
What is a tight junction? - CORRECT ANSWER - Tight junctions form an impermeable
connection between adjacent cells so that extracellular fluids cannot pass between adjacent cells
(in animals) (ex. Stomach lining)
Its like a Ziploc bag
Not super strong but holds things well enough
What is a Desmosome? - CORRECT ANSWER - Acts like rivets that form mechanically
strong connections between adjacent cells (in animal cells)
Like fibers running across cells (muscle cells are an example of this)
