NURS 6100 Exam 2 Questions with Correct Answers 100% Solved
evidence based practice - Answers •EBP incorporates
oEvaluation of theory
oSystematic clinical decision making and judgment
oAnd critique of research
•EBP is an approach to providing the highest quality of health care in all settings to improve health
outcomes.
•EBP is often a criteria for reimbursement and other funding.
history of EBP - Answers •Mid-1970s: growing consensus that scientific knowledge be basis for nursing
practice
•Research utilization became a major focus in nursing
•1992 article in Journal of American Medical Association
oExpanded the concept of evidence-based medicine
oCalled for a paradigm shift
oAcknowledged clinical experience as a crucial, but insufficient, part of clinical decision making
•Medical evidence had implications for nursing practice
•As technology has increased, so has the ability to find evidence-based practice
definitions - Answers EBP=
EBPH= integration of science-based interventions with community preferences for improving population
health
EBM= scientific clinical-based evidence for practice
EBN= scientific evidence + clinical expertise
internal evidence - Answers •: research evidence; research synthesis and individual studies
external evidence - Answers non-research evidence; clinical experience, colleagues, clinical judgment
observational studies - Answers •Descriptive or analytical (study of cause- what caused/determinants)
and descriptive is distribution-who/what/when/where
secular epidemiology: over time what are the trends, point is what is at a certain place and time
, •Summarize health event when little is known
•Hypothesis-generating
oCase studies or cross-sectional studies
•Hypothesis-testing
oAnalytical testing of relationship between 2 or more variables
types of evidence - Answers •Randomized controlled trial (RCT)= random assignment to groups,
experimental group receives treatment *Gold Standard*
•Nonrandomized clinical trials
•Quasi-experimental studies= not random assignment, but treatment can still be tested
•Case-controlled reports
•Qualitative studies
•Expert opinion
oNon-research-based published articles
oProfessional guidelines
oNational guidelines
oOrganizational opinions
oPanels of experts
oNurse's clinical expertise
cohort studies - Answers •Cohort - group of persons (generally sharing some characteristic of interest)
followed over a period of time to observe some health outcome
oProspective cohort study (longitudinal) - subjects free of the outcome under investigation are classified
on the basis of the exposure of interest at the beginning of the follow-up period
oRetrospective cohort study (historical) - members are classified according to exposure status at some
time in the past - may be conducted using only past records
Differences Between Evidence-Based Medicine and Evidence-Based Public Health - Answers Quality of
evidence
Volume of evidence
evidence based practice - Answers •EBP incorporates
oEvaluation of theory
oSystematic clinical decision making and judgment
oAnd critique of research
•EBP is an approach to providing the highest quality of health care in all settings to improve health
outcomes.
•EBP is often a criteria for reimbursement and other funding.
history of EBP - Answers •Mid-1970s: growing consensus that scientific knowledge be basis for nursing
practice
•Research utilization became a major focus in nursing
•1992 article in Journal of American Medical Association
oExpanded the concept of evidence-based medicine
oCalled for a paradigm shift
oAcknowledged clinical experience as a crucial, but insufficient, part of clinical decision making
•Medical evidence had implications for nursing practice
•As technology has increased, so has the ability to find evidence-based practice
definitions - Answers EBP=
EBPH= integration of science-based interventions with community preferences for improving population
health
EBM= scientific clinical-based evidence for practice
EBN= scientific evidence + clinical expertise
internal evidence - Answers •: research evidence; research synthesis and individual studies
external evidence - Answers non-research evidence; clinical experience, colleagues, clinical judgment
observational studies - Answers •Descriptive or analytical (study of cause- what caused/determinants)
and descriptive is distribution-who/what/when/where
secular epidemiology: over time what are the trends, point is what is at a certain place and time
, •Summarize health event when little is known
•Hypothesis-generating
oCase studies or cross-sectional studies
•Hypothesis-testing
oAnalytical testing of relationship between 2 or more variables
types of evidence - Answers •Randomized controlled trial (RCT)= random assignment to groups,
experimental group receives treatment *Gold Standard*
•Nonrandomized clinical trials
•Quasi-experimental studies= not random assignment, but treatment can still be tested
•Case-controlled reports
•Qualitative studies
•Expert opinion
oNon-research-based published articles
oProfessional guidelines
oNational guidelines
oOrganizational opinions
oPanels of experts
oNurse's clinical expertise
cohort studies - Answers •Cohort - group of persons (generally sharing some characteristic of interest)
followed over a period of time to observe some health outcome
oProspective cohort study (longitudinal) - subjects free of the outcome under investigation are classified
on the basis of the exposure of interest at the beginning of the follow-up period
oRetrospective cohort study (historical) - members are classified according to exposure status at some
time in the past - may be conducted using only past records
Differences Between Evidence-Based Medicine and Evidence-Based Public Health - Answers Quality of
evidence
Volume of evidence
