DHF 2 Midterm UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Caries balance: Pathologic vs Protective factors - CORRECT ANSWER - Pathologic:
*B*ad Bacteria
*A*bsence of saliva
*D*ietary habits are poor
Protective:
*S*aliva + Sealants
*A*ntimicrobials
*F*luoride
*E*ffective diet
4 types of carious lesions - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) Pit & fissure
2) Smooth surface (on intact F,L,M,D surfaces)
3) Root surface
4) Recurrent
physical and microscopic features of incipient caries - CORRECT ANSWER - *1st stage*:
white chalky appearance on enamel
-can be *remineralized* at this stage
*2nd stage*: demineralization >> has entered dentin
*3rd stage*: overt lesion >>needs *restoration* at this point
Subsurface demineralization is visible at ___, but the surface appears intact - CORRECT
ANSWER - earliest stage (white spot lesion)
,4 Zones of a carious lesion - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) Surface Zone
2) Body of Lesion
3) Dark Zone
4) Translucent Zone
Surface Zone of caries - CORRECT ANSWER - -1%, near normal pore space
-b/t enamel rods and surface
-*remineralization* occurs here
Body of lesion in caries - CORRECT ANSWER - -5-25% pore space
-interpore spaces lead to this area
-crystals still have basic orientation
Dark Zone of caries - CORRECT ANSWER - -2-4% pore space
-95% of lesions go this deep
-most *remineralization* can occur at this phase
Translucent Zone of caries - CORRECT ANSWER - -1% of pore space
-*deepest zone*
-interpore spaces lead to DEJ
-50% of lesions go this deep
Relationship b/t amount of pore space and mineralization in caries - CORRECT
ANSWER - Surface + Dark Zones are where the tooth can *remineralize*
More pore space >> more *Demineralization*
More *Remineralization* >> less pore space
, Which 2 bacteria are most often implicated in the caries process? What are their roles? -
CORRECT ANSWER - 1) Streptococcus mutans: *Initiation* of caries
>> increases # of smooth surface lesions (white spot lesions)
-numbers increase 6-24 months before diagnosis
2) Lactobacilli species: *Progression* of caries
-acidogenic, aciduric, cariogenic
-high numbers in *low pH environment*
-increases in number after initial phase of caries
Events in cariogenic plaque and subsurface lesion (from bacterial exposure to sugar until mouth
pH returns to resting state) - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) S. mutans bind to pellicle
2) S.mutans makes LACTIC ACID to damage enamel
3) Uses fermentable CHO as energy to proliferate
4) S. mutans makes more acid to damage enamel and lower pH
5) low pH suppresses S. mutans so Lactobaccilli can attach
6) LB attach to S. mutans
Characteristics of root caries - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) *Proteolysis* (degradation of
organic content)
2) Cavitation
3) develops near recession, below CEJ
4) occurs up to 2.5x more in women
5) Most risky area: Mand molars
6) Least risky area: Mand incisors
7) Factors: age, gender, Fluoride exposure, systemic illness, medications, mouth pH, diet,
salivary content
Root Caries VS Coronal Caries - CORRECT ANSWER - Root:
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Caries balance: Pathologic vs Protective factors - CORRECT ANSWER - Pathologic:
*B*ad Bacteria
*A*bsence of saliva
*D*ietary habits are poor
Protective:
*S*aliva + Sealants
*A*ntimicrobials
*F*luoride
*E*ffective diet
4 types of carious lesions - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) Pit & fissure
2) Smooth surface (on intact F,L,M,D surfaces)
3) Root surface
4) Recurrent
physical and microscopic features of incipient caries - CORRECT ANSWER - *1st stage*:
white chalky appearance on enamel
-can be *remineralized* at this stage
*2nd stage*: demineralization >> has entered dentin
*3rd stage*: overt lesion >>needs *restoration* at this point
Subsurface demineralization is visible at ___, but the surface appears intact - CORRECT
ANSWER - earliest stage (white spot lesion)
,4 Zones of a carious lesion - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) Surface Zone
2) Body of Lesion
3) Dark Zone
4) Translucent Zone
Surface Zone of caries - CORRECT ANSWER - -1%, near normal pore space
-b/t enamel rods and surface
-*remineralization* occurs here
Body of lesion in caries - CORRECT ANSWER - -5-25% pore space
-interpore spaces lead to this area
-crystals still have basic orientation
Dark Zone of caries - CORRECT ANSWER - -2-4% pore space
-95% of lesions go this deep
-most *remineralization* can occur at this phase
Translucent Zone of caries - CORRECT ANSWER - -1% of pore space
-*deepest zone*
-interpore spaces lead to DEJ
-50% of lesions go this deep
Relationship b/t amount of pore space and mineralization in caries - CORRECT
ANSWER - Surface + Dark Zones are where the tooth can *remineralize*
More pore space >> more *Demineralization*
More *Remineralization* >> less pore space
, Which 2 bacteria are most often implicated in the caries process? What are their roles? -
CORRECT ANSWER - 1) Streptococcus mutans: *Initiation* of caries
>> increases # of smooth surface lesions (white spot lesions)
-numbers increase 6-24 months before diagnosis
2) Lactobacilli species: *Progression* of caries
-acidogenic, aciduric, cariogenic
-high numbers in *low pH environment*
-increases in number after initial phase of caries
Events in cariogenic plaque and subsurface lesion (from bacterial exposure to sugar until mouth
pH returns to resting state) - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) S. mutans bind to pellicle
2) S.mutans makes LACTIC ACID to damage enamel
3) Uses fermentable CHO as energy to proliferate
4) S. mutans makes more acid to damage enamel and lower pH
5) low pH suppresses S. mutans so Lactobaccilli can attach
6) LB attach to S. mutans
Characteristics of root caries - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) *Proteolysis* (degradation of
organic content)
2) Cavitation
3) develops near recession, below CEJ
4) occurs up to 2.5x more in women
5) Most risky area: Mand molars
6) Least risky area: Mand incisors
7) Factors: age, gender, Fluoride exposure, systemic illness, medications, mouth pH, diet,
salivary content
Root Caries VS Coronal Caries - CORRECT ANSWER - Root:
