FAU Pathophysiology Exam 3 Questions With Complete
Solutions
3 Types of COPD Correct Answers 1. Emphysema
-Loss of lung elasticity, abnormal, permanent enlargement of the
airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles and hyperinflation of
the lungs
2. Chronic Obstructive Bronchitis
-Caused by inflammation of major and small airways and
characterized by edema and hyperplasia of submucosal glands
and excess mucus secretion into the bronchial tree
3. Bronchiectasis
-Less common
-Abnormal dilation of the large bronchi associated with infection
and destruction of the bronchial walls
Acidosis Correct Answers Decrease in pH <7.35
Can be either:
1. Metabolic from the kidneys removing too much HCO3
(Bicarbonate)
2. Respiratory from the lungs retaining too much carbon dioxide
(PCO2)
Alcoholic Ketoacidosis Correct Answers Alcoholic
ketoacidosis can develop in people who engage in excess
alcohol consumption and can be fatal!
-Ketones are formed during the oxidation of alcohol in the liver
,-Usually follows a prolonged alcohol ingestion particularly if
accompanied by decreased food intake and vomiting
(Conditions that result in using fatty acids as an energy source)
-Ketone formation may be further enhanced by the
hypoglycemia that results from alcohol-induced inhibition of
glucose synthesis by the liver and impaired ketone elimination
by the kidneys because of dehydration
Other contributing factors:
-Elevations of Cortisol
-Elevations of Growth Hormone
-Elevations of Glucagon
-Elevations of Catecholamines
Alkalosis Correct Answers Increase in pH >7.45
Can be Either:
1. Metabolic from the kidneys retaining too much HCO3
(Bicarbonate)
2. Respiratory from the lungs removing too much carbon
dioxide (PCO2)
Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) Correct Answers -Chronic,
systemic inflammatory disease of joints of vertebral column and
sacroiliac joints
-Pain and progressive stiffness of spine
-Person will complain of lower ack pain which becomes worse
when resting
, -Prolonged stiffness in the morning and after rest
Causes of Jaundice Correct Answers -Excessive destruction of
red blood cells (Hemolysis)
-Impaired uptake of bilirubin by the liver cells
-Decreased conjugation of bilirubin
-Obstruction of bile flow in the canaliculi of the hepatic lobules
or in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile duct
-Excessive extrahepatic production of bilirubin
Celiac Disease Correct Answers Known as celiac sprue
-Gluten-sensitive enteropathy
An immune-mediated disorder triggered by ingestion of gluten-
containing grains:
-Wheat
-Barley
-Rye
Compartment Syndrome Correct Answers -Complication of a
fracture causing increased pressure in limited space (limb
compartment) that compromises circulation and function of
tissues in the space
-S+S is hallmark symptom is severe pain out of proportion to
original injury
Solutions
3 Types of COPD Correct Answers 1. Emphysema
-Loss of lung elasticity, abnormal, permanent enlargement of the
airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles and hyperinflation of
the lungs
2. Chronic Obstructive Bronchitis
-Caused by inflammation of major and small airways and
characterized by edema and hyperplasia of submucosal glands
and excess mucus secretion into the bronchial tree
3. Bronchiectasis
-Less common
-Abnormal dilation of the large bronchi associated with infection
and destruction of the bronchial walls
Acidosis Correct Answers Decrease in pH <7.35
Can be either:
1. Metabolic from the kidneys removing too much HCO3
(Bicarbonate)
2. Respiratory from the lungs retaining too much carbon dioxide
(PCO2)
Alcoholic Ketoacidosis Correct Answers Alcoholic
ketoacidosis can develop in people who engage in excess
alcohol consumption and can be fatal!
-Ketones are formed during the oxidation of alcohol in the liver
,-Usually follows a prolonged alcohol ingestion particularly if
accompanied by decreased food intake and vomiting
(Conditions that result in using fatty acids as an energy source)
-Ketone formation may be further enhanced by the
hypoglycemia that results from alcohol-induced inhibition of
glucose synthesis by the liver and impaired ketone elimination
by the kidneys because of dehydration
Other contributing factors:
-Elevations of Cortisol
-Elevations of Growth Hormone
-Elevations of Glucagon
-Elevations of Catecholamines
Alkalosis Correct Answers Increase in pH >7.45
Can be Either:
1. Metabolic from the kidneys retaining too much HCO3
(Bicarbonate)
2. Respiratory from the lungs removing too much carbon
dioxide (PCO2)
Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) Correct Answers -Chronic,
systemic inflammatory disease of joints of vertebral column and
sacroiliac joints
-Pain and progressive stiffness of spine
-Person will complain of lower ack pain which becomes worse
when resting
, -Prolonged stiffness in the morning and after rest
Causes of Jaundice Correct Answers -Excessive destruction of
red blood cells (Hemolysis)
-Impaired uptake of bilirubin by the liver cells
-Decreased conjugation of bilirubin
-Obstruction of bile flow in the canaliculi of the hepatic lobules
or in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile duct
-Excessive extrahepatic production of bilirubin
Celiac Disease Correct Answers Known as celiac sprue
-Gluten-sensitive enteropathy
An immune-mediated disorder triggered by ingestion of gluten-
containing grains:
-Wheat
-Barley
-Rye
Compartment Syndrome Correct Answers -Complication of a
fracture causing increased pressure in limited space (limb
compartment) that compromises circulation and function of
tissues in the space
-S+S is hallmark symptom is severe pain out of proportion to
original injury
