Pediatrics Exam 1
age at which anterior fontanel closes - ANS 12-18 months
\age at which posterior fontanel closes - ANS 1-2 months
\contraindications to vaccines - ANS severe febrile illness, severe previous reaction, live
vaccines- immunocompromised, hx of anaphylaxis, pregnant women, IVIG (wait 3
months)
\developmental stage age 0-6 months - ANS early infancy
\developmental stage age 1-3 years - ANS toddlerhood
\developmental stage age 10-12 years - ANS late school-age/pubescent
\developmental stage age 13+ - ANS adolescence
\developmental stage age 3-5 years - ANS pre-school
\developmental stage age 6-12 months - ANS late infancy
\developmental stage age 6-9 years - ANS early school-age/prepubescent
\emancipated minor - ANS legally under the age of majority but is recognized as having
legal capacity of an adult prescribed by state law- pregnancy, marriage, high school
graduation, independent living, or military service
\epinephrine dosage - ANS 0.3 mg for 30+ kg, 0.15 for children 15-30 kg
\erikson's stage of development stage 1: infancy (birth-1.5 years) - ANS trust vs. mistrust
- self-sufficiency or lack of independence
\erikson's stage of development stage 2: early childhood (1.5-3 years) - ANS autonomy
vs. shame and doubt - self-sufficiency or lack of independence
\erikson's stage of development stage 3: play age (3-5 years) - ANS initiative vs. guilt -
discover ways to initiate actions or experience guilt from actions or thoughts
\erikson's stage of development stage 4: school age (5-12 years) - ANS industry vs.
inferiority - develop sense of competence or have no sense of mastery
\erikson's stage of development stage 5: adolescence (12-18 years) - ANS identity vs. role
confusion - awareness of unique self or inability to identify the appropriate roles of life
\erikson's stage of development stage 6: young adult (18-25) - ANS intimacy vs. isolation
- development of loving, sexual relationships or fear of having relationships with others
\erikson's stage of development stage 7: middle adults (25-65 years) - ANS generative vs.
stagnation - sense of contribution to the continuity of life or feeling one's activities are
trivial
\erikson's stage of development stage 8: late adult (65+ years) - ANS ego integrity vs.
despair - sense of unity in life's achievements or regret over lost opportunities in life
\goals of atraumatic care - ANS prevent or minimize separation from the family, promote
sense of control, prevent or minimize injury and pain
\hep B disease - ANS liver infection spread through bodily fluids, blood, semen
\hepB series - ANS birth, 1 month, 6 months
\hepB vax for babies born to mom of positive or unknown status - ANS will get vaccine
immediately after birth and immunoglobulin 12 hours after, start series a month later: 1
month, 2 months, 6/7 months?
, \hepB vax for pre-term - ANS will get vaccine at birth, 1 month, 2 months, and 6/7
months?
\high risk for hepB - ANS mother-baby, unprotected sex, IV drug users, health care
workers, adolescents
\HPV vaccine 15+ years - ANS 3 doses, 2nd dose 4 weeks after 1st dose, and 3rd dose 6
months after the 1st
\HPV vaccine age 9-15 - ANS 2 doses separated by 6-12 months
\indications of teething in infants - ANS sucking or biting fingers or hard objects,
drooling, difficulty sleeping, mild fever, rub ears, have decreased appetite for solid foods
\infant height growth in first year - ANS grow 2.5 cm/1 inch per month for first six months,
then 1/2 inch for next six months
\infant length in first 12 months - ANS increases by 50%
\infant weight gain during first 5 months - ANS 680 g/1.5 lb per month
\influenza vaccine - ANS age 6 months and older, 2 doses 4 weeks apart for first year
getting vax (before age 8)
\live vaccines - ANS MMR, varicella, rotavirus (oral), nasal flu
\mature minor - ANS <18 but old enough to understand procedure and make cognitive
decisions about care (14-18)
\medically emancipated - ANS conditions in which <18 years can seek healthcare without
parents- STIs, mental health, substance use, emergencies, alcohol and drug dependency,
pregnancy, contraception
\milestones 12 months/1 year - ANS "mama" and "dada" assigned to right person, more
words, points with eye contact or words (joint attention), walking, simple commands,
should not have hand preference and respond to name
\milestones 15 months - ANS 3-6 word vocabulary, spoon and cup, stoops and recovers,
scribbling - discuss tantrums, no words or pointing = red flag
\milestones 18 months - ANS 5-10 word vocab, pointing to body parts and what he or she
wants, imitates, stacks blocks, runs - red flags = no walking, no talking, no pointing, not
noticing when caregiver leaves or returns, no imitation
\milestones 2 months - ANS lifting head when prone, social smiling, track horizontally
with gaze, long periods of alertness
\milestones 24 months/2 years - ANS 2-word phrases, 2-step commands, up and down
stairs, spoon and fork, jumping, parallel play, turning thin pages, drawing lines, stacking
more blocks - red flags: no 2-word phrases, no imitation, not following simple
instructions, unstable walking, losing skills, not knowing what to do with simple objects
\milestones 3 years - ANS up and down stairs with interchanging feet, tricycles, circles,
correct pronouns, 3-word sentences that most understand, ADLs with help, know name
and age, can name colors, toilet trained during day, group and imaginative play - red
flags = not playing pretend, no group play, frequent falls, no 3-word phrases, repetitive
behaviors
\milestones 4 months - ANS tonic neck reflexes go away, engage with environment more,
sounds to communicate, laughs, orients to parent's voice, hands to midline, hold onto
toy tightly, rolling (fall risk)
age at which anterior fontanel closes - ANS 12-18 months
\age at which posterior fontanel closes - ANS 1-2 months
\contraindications to vaccines - ANS severe febrile illness, severe previous reaction, live
vaccines- immunocompromised, hx of anaphylaxis, pregnant women, IVIG (wait 3
months)
\developmental stage age 0-6 months - ANS early infancy
\developmental stage age 1-3 years - ANS toddlerhood
\developmental stage age 10-12 years - ANS late school-age/pubescent
\developmental stage age 13+ - ANS adolescence
\developmental stage age 3-5 years - ANS pre-school
\developmental stage age 6-12 months - ANS late infancy
\developmental stage age 6-9 years - ANS early school-age/prepubescent
\emancipated minor - ANS legally under the age of majority but is recognized as having
legal capacity of an adult prescribed by state law- pregnancy, marriage, high school
graduation, independent living, or military service
\epinephrine dosage - ANS 0.3 mg for 30+ kg, 0.15 for children 15-30 kg
\erikson's stage of development stage 1: infancy (birth-1.5 years) - ANS trust vs. mistrust
- self-sufficiency or lack of independence
\erikson's stage of development stage 2: early childhood (1.5-3 years) - ANS autonomy
vs. shame and doubt - self-sufficiency or lack of independence
\erikson's stage of development stage 3: play age (3-5 years) - ANS initiative vs. guilt -
discover ways to initiate actions or experience guilt from actions or thoughts
\erikson's stage of development stage 4: school age (5-12 years) - ANS industry vs.
inferiority - develop sense of competence or have no sense of mastery
\erikson's stage of development stage 5: adolescence (12-18 years) - ANS identity vs. role
confusion - awareness of unique self or inability to identify the appropriate roles of life
\erikson's stage of development stage 6: young adult (18-25) - ANS intimacy vs. isolation
- development of loving, sexual relationships or fear of having relationships with others
\erikson's stage of development stage 7: middle adults (25-65 years) - ANS generative vs.
stagnation - sense of contribution to the continuity of life or feeling one's activities are
trivial
\erikson's stage of development stage 8: late adult (65+ years) - ANS ego integrity vs.
despair - sense of unity in life's achievements or regret over lost opportunities in life
\goals of atraumatic care - ANS prevent or minimize separation from the family, promote
sense of control, prevent or minimize injury and pain
\hep B disease - ANS liver infection spread through bodily fluids, blood, semen
\hepB series - ANS birth, 1 month, 6 months
\hepB vax for babies born to mom of positive or unknown status - ANS will get vaccine
immediately after birth and immunoglobulin 12 hours after, start series a month later: 1
month, 2 months, 6/7 months?
, \hepB vax for pre-term - ANS will get vaccine at birth, 1 month, 2 months, and 6/7
months?
\high risk for hepB - ANS mother-baby, unprotected sex, IV drug users, health care
workers, adolescents
\HPV vaccine 15+ years - ANS 3 doses, 2nd dose 4 weeks after 1st dose, and 3rd dose 6
months after the 1st
\HPV vaccine age 9-15 - ANS 2 doses separated by 6-12 months
\indications of teething in infants - ANS sucking or biting fingers or hard objects,
drooling, difficulty sleeping, mild fever, rub ears, have decreased appetite for solid foods
\infant height growth in first year - ANS grow 2.5 cm/1 inch per month for first six months,
then 1/2 inch for next six months
\infant length in first 12 months - ANS increases by 50%
\infant weight gain during first 5 months - ANS 680 g/1.5 lb per month
\influenza vaccine - ANS age 6 months and older, 2 doses 4 weeks apart for first year
getting vax (before age 8)
\live vaccines - ANS MMR, varicella, rotavirus (oral), nasal flu
\mature minor - ANS <18 but old enough to understand procedure and make cognitive
decisions about care (14-18)
\medically emancipated - ANS conditions in which <18 years can seek healthcare without
parents- STIs, mental health, substance use, emergencies, alcohol and drug dependency,
pregnancy, contraception
\milestones 12 months/1 year - ANS "mama" and "dada" assigned to right person, more
words, points with eye contact or words (joint attention), walking, simple commands,
should not have hand preference and respond to name
\milestones 15 months - ANS 3-6 word vocabulary, spoon and cup, stoops and recovers,
scribbling - discuss tantrums, no words or pointing = red flag
\milestones 18 months - ANS 5-10 word vocab, pointing to body parts and what he or she
wants, imitates, stacks blocks, runs - red flags = no walking, no talking, no pointing, not
noticing when caregiver leaves or returns, no imitation
\milestones 2 months - ANS lifting head when prone, social smiling, track horizontally
with gaze, long periods of alertness
\milestones 24 months/2 years - ANS 2-word phrases, 2-step commands, up and down
stairs, spoon and fork, jumping, parallel play, turning thin pages, drawing lines, stacking
more blocks - red flags: no 2-word phrases, no imitation, not following simple
instructions, unstable walking, losing skills, not knowing what to do with simple objects
\milestones 3 years - ANS up and down stairs with interchanging feet, tricycles, circles,
correct pronouns, 3-word sentences that most understand, ADLs with help, know name
and age, can name colors, toilet trained during day, group and imaginative play - red
flags = not playing pretend, no group play, frequent falls, no 3-word phrases, repetitive
behaviors
\milestones 4 months - ANS tonic neck reflexes go away, engage with environment more,
sounds to communicate, laughs, orients to parent's voice, hands to midline, hold onto
toy tightly, rolling (fall risk)
