HESI 2023 7th edition PEDS part 1
A 2-year-old child is placed in an oxygen tent. What clothes will the nurse recommend
the parents bring from home for the child? - ANS An all-cotton sleeper
\A 2-year-old child with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) is brought to the clinic for a routine
evaluation. Which assessment finding suggests the presence of a common complication
often experienced by those with Down syndrome? - ANS Presence of a systolic murmur
\A 3-month-old infant returns from surgery with elbow restraints and a Logan bow over a
cleft lip suture line. Which action should the nurse take to maintain suture line integrity
during the initial postoperative period? - ANS Place the infant upright in an infant seat
position.
\A 3-month-old infant weighing 10 lb 15 oz has an axillary temperature of 99.6°F. How
many calories per day will the nurse include in the infant's plan of care? - ANS 600
calories/day
\A 3-week-old infant is referred to an orthopedic clinic because the pediatrician heard a
click when flexing the child's right hip during a routine physical examination. Which risk
factor is most closely related to developmental hip dysplasia? - ANS Breech presentation
\A 4-year-old child has cystic fibrosis. Which stage of Erikson theory of psychosocial
development is the nurse addressing when teaching inhalation therapy? - ANS Initiative
\A 6-month-old infant is admitted to the post-anesthesia care unit with elbow restraints in
place. An endotracheal tube is in place connected to a ventilator, but the child will be
extubated soon following recovery from anesthesia. Which action should the nurse
include in the child's postoperative care? - ANS Remove restraints one at a time and
provide range-of-motion exercises.
\A 7-month-old infant with a rotavirus causing severe diarrhea is admitted for treatment.
Which action should the nurse take first? - ANS Insert an intravenous (IV) line and begin
IV fluids.
\A 7-month-old male infant diagnosed with spastic cerebral palsy is seen by the nurse in
the clinic. Which statement by the parent warrants immediate intervention by the nurse? -
ANS "My son often chokes while I am feeding him."
\A 9-year-old child is recovering from a tonsillectomy. The nurse notes that the child is
swallowing frequently. What is the nurse's next action? - ANS Place in a side-lying
position.
\A child admitted to the emergency department is lethargic and has a fruity aroma to the
breath, blurred vision, and a headache. What question will the nurse ask the parents
first? - ANS "Has your child ever been treated for diabetes before this?"
\A child breaks out with varicella infection while hospitalized for a minor surgical
procedure. Which action should the nurse take first? - ANS Place the child in strict
isolation to prevent an outbreak on the unit.
\A child comes to the school nurse complaining of itching. Further assessment reveals
that the child has impetigo. What action should the nurse take? - ANS Send the child
home with the parents to see the healthcare provider before returning to school.
, \A child is recovering from a splenectomy secondary to a diagnosis of β-Thalassemia
major. What is the most important instruction the nurse must include in the child's
discharge plan? - ANS Report signs of infection.
\A child presents again to the school nurse with dyspnea, wheezing, diaphoresis, and
deep dark-red lips. What is the next nursing action? - ANS Ask, "Do you have your
inhaler?"
\A father of a 5-year-old calls the nurse to report that his child, who has had an upper
respiratory infection, is complaining of a headache, with a rectal temperature of
103°F/39.4°C. Which action has the highest priority? - ANS Tell the parent to take the
child to the emergency department.
\A mother calls into the clinic and reports her 4-year-old, who spends 50 hours in day
care a week, is constantly scratching the perianal area. The child is also sleeping poorly
and has started wetting the bed at night. What is the nurse's next action? - ANS Instruct
the mother on how to perform the tape test.
\A mother calls the clinic because her 6-year-old son, who has been taking prescribed
antibiotics for 7 of the previous 10 days, continues to have a cough that she reports is
worsening. Further questioning by the nurse reveals that the cough is nonproductive.
What is the nurse's best instruction to the mother? - ANS Bring the child to the clinic
today for an examination related to the cough.
\A mother is carrying in her 3-year-old to the emergency department (ED) screaming, "I
think my baby swallowed a bottle of Tylenol." What is the nurse's next action? - ANS Take
the child's vital signs.
\A mother of a 4-year-old calls the clinic and reports that her child has nonregular, hard
and dry stools. She reports a diet high in whole milk, processed meats, bananas, and
macaroni and cheese. She states, "That's all I can get my child to eat right now." What is
the nurse's best reply? - ANS "Try replacing the macaroni with a whole wheat macaroni."
\A newborn is suspected of having an imperforate anus. What is most important for the
nurse to include in the child's plan of care? - ANS No rectal temperatures.
\A newborn whose mother is HIV-positive is scheduled for the first follow-up assessment
with the nurse. If the child is HIV-positive, which initial symptom will the child most likely
exhibit? - ANS Persistent cold
\A nurse in the emergency department is working with a nursing student. Which student
action will the nurse need to correct when caring for a child with epiglottitis? - ANS Take
an oral temperature.
\A nurse is preparing to end the shift and receives a laboratory report stating that a child
with asthma has a theophylline level of 15 mcg/dL. Which action should the nurse take? -
ANS Communicate the result to the oncoming nurse and document.
\A woman is being discharged following the birth of her second child. Her first child died
at 6 weeks of age because of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The mother tells the
nurse that she is fearful that this infant will also develop SIDS. What is the nurse's best
response? - ANS "The fear of losing another child to SIDS is very realistic. Have you
thought about what support you may need?"
\After a 3-day hospitalization for croup, secondary to mycoplasma pneumonia, the nurse
is working with the parents to discharge the child home. The parents state to the nurse,
A 2-year-old child is placed in an oxygen tent. What clothes will the nurse recommend
the parents bring from home for the child? - ANS An all-cotton sleeper
\A 2-year-old child with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) is brought to the clinic for a routine
evaluation. Which assessment finding suggests the presence of a common complication
often experienced by those with Down syndrome? - ANS Presence of a systolic murmur
\A 3-month-old infant returns from surgery with elbow restraints and a Logan bow over a
cleft lip suture line. Which action should the nurse take to maintain suture line integrity
during the initial postoperative period? - ANS Place the infant upright in an infant seat
position.
\A 3-month-old infant weighing 10 lb 15 oz has an axillary temperature of 99.6°F. How
many calories per day will the nurse include in the infant's plan of care? - ANS 600
calories/day
\A 3-week-old infant is referred to an orthopedic clinic because the pediatrician heard a
click when flexing the child's right hip during a routine physical examination. Which risk
factor is most closely related to developmental hip dysplasia? - ANS Breech presentation
\A 4-year-old child has cystic fibrosis. Which stage of Erikson theory of psychosocial
development is the nurse addressing when teaching inhalation therapy? - ANS Initiative
\A 6-month-old infant is admitted to the post-anesthesia care unit with elbow restraints in
place. An endotracheal tube is in place connected to a ventilator, but the child will be
extubated soon following recovery from anesthesia. Which action should the nurse
include in the child's postoperative care? - ANS Remove restraints one at a time and
provide range-of-motion exercises.
\A 7-month-old infant with a rotavirus causing severe diarrhea is admitted for treatment.
Which action should the nurse take first? - ANS Insert an intravenous (IV) line and begin
IV fluids.
\A 7-month-old male infant diagnosed with spastic cerebral palsy is seen by the nurse in
the clinic. Which statement by the parent warrants immediate intervention by the nurse? -
ANS "My son often chokes while I am feeding him."
\A 9-year-old child is recovering from a tonsillectomy. The nurse notes that the child is
swallowing frequently. What is the nurse's next action? - ANS Place in a side-lying
position.
\A child admitted to the emergency department is lethargic and has a fruity aroma to the
breath, blurred vision, and a headache. What question will the nurse ask the parents
first? - ANS "Has your child ever been treated for diabetes before this?"
\A child breaks out with varicella infection while hospitalized for a minor surgical
procedure. Which action should the nurse take first? - ANS Place the child in strict
isolation to prevent an outbreak on the unit.
\A child comes to the school nurse complaining of itching. Further assessment reveals
that the child has impetigo. What action should the nurse take? - ANS Send the child
home with the parents to see the healthcare provider before returning to school.
, \A child is recovering from a splenectomy secondary to a diagnosis of β-Thalassemia
major. What is the most important instruction the nurse must include in the child's
discharge plan? - ANS Report signs of infection.
\A child presents again to the school nurse with dyspnea, wheezing, diaphoresis, and
deep dark-red lips. What is the next nursing action? - ANS Ask, "Do you have your
inhaler?"
\A father of a 5-year-old calls the nurse to report that his child, who has had an upper
respiratory infection, is complaining of a headache, with a rectal temperature of
103°F/39.4°C. Which action has the highest priority? - ANS Tell the parent to take the
child to the emergency department.
\A mother calls into the clinic and reports her 4-year-old, who spends 50 hours in day
care a week, is constantly scratching the perianal area. The child is also sleeping poorly
and has started wetting the bed at night. What is the nurse's next action? - ANS Instruct
the mother on how to perform the tape test.
\A mother calls the clinic because her 6-year-old son, who has been taking prescribed
antibiotics for 7 of the previous 10 days, continues to have a cough that she reports is
worsening. Further questioning by the nurse reveals that the cough is nonproductive.
What is the nurse's best instruction to the mother? - ANS Bring the child to the clinic
today for an examination related to the cough.
\A mother is carrying in her 3-year-old to the emergency department (ED) screaming, "I
think my baby swallowed a bottle of Tylenol." What is the nurse's next action? - ANS Take
the child's vital signs.
\A mother of a 4-year-old calls the clinic and reports that her child has nonregular, hard
and dry stools. She reports a diet high in whole milk, processed meats, bananas, and
macaroni and cheese. She states, "That's all I can get my child to eat right now." What is
the nurse's best reply? - ANS "Try replacing the macaroni with a whole wheat macaroni."
\A newborn is suspected of having an imperforate anus. What is most important for the
nurse to include in the child's plan of care? - ANS No rectal temperatures.
\A newborn whose mother is HIV-positive is scheduled for the first follow-up assessment
with the nurse. If the child is HIV-positive, which initial symptom will the child most likely
exhibit? - ANS Persistent cold
\A nurse in the emergency department is working with a nursing student. Which student
action will the nurse need to correct when caring for a child with epiglottitis? - ANS Take
an oral temperature.
\A nurse is preparing to end the shift and receives a laboratory report stating that a child
with asthma has a theophylline level of 15 mcg/dL. Which action should the nurse take? -
ANS Communicate the result to the oncoming nurse and document.
\A woman is being discharged following the birth of her second child. Her first child died
at 6 weeks of age because of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The mother tells the
nurse that she is fearful that this infant will also develop SIDS. What is the nurse's best
response? - ANS "The fear of losing another child to SIDS is very realistic. Have you
thought about what support you may need?"
\After a 3-day hospitalization for croup, secondary to mycoplasma pneumonia, the nurse
is working with the parents to discharge the child home. The parents state to the nurse,
