NURS 190: Physical Assessment-Ears, Nose, Mouth, and Throat & Eyes and Vision (Week 2) Exam 2025/2026 Questions & Correct Answers.

NURS 190: Physical Assessment-Ears,
Nose, Mouth, and Throat & Eyes and
Vision (Week 2)

@Anatomical Structures of the Ear - ANS External

Middle

Inner
\@Diabetic Retinopathy - ANS #1 leading cause of blindness in the United States

Changes in vasculature

Damage to blood vessels
-Micro aneurysm (micro burst)
-Retinal hemorrhages

Big factor due to most people not diagnosed for DM
\@Layers of the Eye - ANS *Sclera*
-Cornea

*Choroid*
-Iris
-Pupil

*Retina*
-Optic Disc
-Macula
\Abnormal findings (*Cardinal Fields of Gaze*) - ANS Eye movement controlled by

6 extraocular muscles

CN III (Oculomotor)

CN IV (Trochlear)

CN VI (Abducens)
\Abnormal findings (*Cataract*) - ANS Opacity in the lens; usually occurs in aging

,\Abnormal findings (*Deviation*) - ANS not always apparent. Eye tends to function
normally

Esophoria

Exophoria

phoria=sometimes
\Abnormal findings (*Glaucoma*) - ANS Decreased *peripheral* vision

Acute Glaucoma/Emergency
-sudden increase of intraocular pressure resulting in a blocked flow of fluid

>decrease in vision
>halos around lights
\Abnormal findings (*Macular degeneration*) - ANS Blurred central vision

A degenerative condition of the macula, the central retina, causing the gradual loss of
central vision while peripheral vision remains intact. The eyes are affected at different
rates

Risk factors include:

Hypertension
Cigarette smoking
\Abnormal findings (*Pupillary Response*-Anisocoria) - ANS Unequally pupillary size,
which may be normal finding or may indicate CNS disease
\Abnormal findings (*Pupillary Response*-Argyll Robertson Pupils) - ANS Small, irregular
pupils that exist bilaterally and nonreactive to light

Occur w/ CNS disorders including tumor, syphilis, and narcotic use
\Abnormal findings (*Pupillary Response*-CN III damage) - ANS Results in a unilaterally
dilated pupil There is no reaction to light

Ptosis may be seen
-drooping of the eyelid via neuromusclar weakness
\Abnormal findings (*Pupillary Response*-Horner's Syndrome) - ANS A result of blockage
of sympathetic nerve stimulation

Findings include
-Unilateral
-Small regular pupil
>nonreactive to light

, Ptosis and anhidrosis of the same side accompany the pupillary signs
-drooping of the eyelid via neuromusclar weakness
\Abnormal findings (*Pupillary Response*-Mydriasis) - ANS Refers to fixed and dilated
pupils; may occur with sympathetic nerve stimulation, glaucoma, CNS damage, or deep
anethesia
\Abnormal findings (*Pupillary Response*-Tonic Pupil/Adie's Pupil) - ANS aka tonic pupil

is sluggish pupillary response

Usually unilateral, but can be bilateral.

Occurs due to damage to parasympathetic nerves that innervate the eye
\Abnormal findings (*Pupillary Response*) - ANS Tonic Pupil/Adie's Pupil

Anisocoria

Argyll Robertson Pupils

Horner's Syndrome

Mydriasis

CN III Damage
\Abnormal findings (*Retinal detachment*) - ANS Diminished vision
\Abnormal findings (*Strabismus*) - ANS Esotropia-one/both eyes go inward

Exotropia-one/both eyes go outward

tropia=always deviated
\Abnormal findings (*Visual Fields*-Increased intraocular pressure) - ANS decreased
peripheral vison
\Abnormal findings (*Visual Fields*-Optic chiasm lesion) - ANS bilateral *heteronymous
hemianopsia*
-loss of temporal visual fields
\Abnormal findings (*Visual Fields*-Optic nerve lesion) - ANS results in unilateral
blindness
\Abnormal findings (*Visual Fields*-Optic tract lesion) - ANS Optic tract or radiation
lesion results in the effected (right tract) to not be able to see both temporal & nasal
fields

*Homonymous hemianopsia*
\Abnormal findings (*Visual Fields*-Retinal damage) - ANS results in a blind spots in
localized damage areas