Public Health 150E Midterm || QUESTIONS WITH
PASSED ANSWERS!!
Public Health correct answers PH takes a proactive and preventive approach to focus on the
health of entire populations while they are still healthy, rather than individual patients after
they have become ill. Just as a doctor treats individual patients, public health "treats" entire
communities. PH works to keep entire populations healthy, and when it fails, populations
suffer.
Community health correct answers Multi-sector and multi-disciplinary collaborative
enterprise that uses PH science, evidence-based strategies, and other approaches to engage
and work with communities, in a culturally respective and collaborative manner, to optimize
health and reduce inequities for all persons who live work and play in a community.
Disparities correct answers Differences in health status among distinct segments of the pop
including differences that occur by gender, race or ethnicity, education or income, disability,
or living in various geographic localities.
Inequities correct answers Disparities in health that are a result of systemic, avoidable, and
unjust social and economic policies and practices that create barriers to opportunity.
Health equity correct answers The absence of differences in health between groups with
differential exposure to those social and economic policies and practices that create barriers
to opportunity.
Socio-ecological model correct answers Looks at upstream factors. Considers social factors
such as discriminatory beliefs (race, class, gender,etc.), institutional power (corporations,
govt, schools), social inequities (neighborhood conditions, segregation, work conditions)
Medical model correct answers Looks at risk factors & behaviors (smoking, nutrition, etc.),
disease and injury (infectious/chronic disease), and mortality. Factors in individual health
knowledge, healthcare access and genetics.
Socio-ecological model policy correct answers Strategic partnerships advocacy, community
capacity building, community organizing, civic engagement
bio-medical model policy correct answers individual health education, case management,
healthcare
"Health stream": pro-equity policies, practices, and systems correct answers Focus upstream
to address root causes and be pro-equity.
Pro-equity policies and values: inclusion, social justice
"Health stream": conditions correct answers pro-equity systems and policies result in
improved community conditions, known as "determinants of equity."
Affordable/safe housing, good wages, quality education, food, justice system, environment,
transportation, etc.
, "Health stream": outcomes correct answers Individuals and families thrive regardless of race
and place
good health, high quality of life, healthy years, happiness, education, civic engagement,
economic well-being
Social determinants of health correct answers Life-enhancing resources such as food supply,
housing, economic and social relationships, transportation, education, and health care, whose
distribution across pop effectively determines length and quality of life.
WHO: social determinants of health correct answers SDOH are conditions in which people
born, grow, live, work including the health system. These are shaped by distribution of
money, power, and resources., which themselves are shaped by policy choices. SDOH
responsible for health inequities, unfair and avoidable differences in health status.
Structural racism correct answers Public policies, institutional practices, cultural
representations, and other norms that work in linking place, advantage/disadvantage, and
ultimately health. Identifies dimensions of history and culture that have allowed privileges
associated with "whiteness"and disadvantages associated with "color" to endure and adapt
over time.
Interpersonal racism/discrimination correct answers Discriminatory treatment &/or prejudice
between individuals
Institutional racism/discrimination correct answers Bias within an institution, like school or
govt, that results in unfair policies and practices, inequitable opportunities and impacts, based
on race/ethnicity
Intersectionality correct answers Ways in which oppressive institutions (racism, sexism etc.)
are interconnected and cannot be examined separately from one another.
Social & environmental determinants of health correct answers 1. Health starts long before
illness: in home, neighborhood, work school
2. Public policy and social/cultural norms shape places and opportunities
3. Everyone should have the opportunity to make the choices that allow them to live a long,
healthy life, regardless of income, education, residence or ethnic background
Environmental determinism (Hippocrates) correct answers The physical environment,
including the climate, has a controlling effect on human development, including behavior.
Can explain why some populations are impoverished (natural selection). Ignores role of
colonialism, racism, power.
*be skeptical that environment alone determines access to health promoting resources and
outcomes*
Miasma correct answers Filth and foul air caused diseae
Solution: sanitation, sewerage, move slaughterhouses, ventilation, street cleaning
Challenges: doesn't explain why not all filthy neighborhoods experienced epidemics. Costly:
rich don't want to pay for the poor
PASSED ANSWERS!!
Public Health correct answers PH takes a proactive and preventive approach to focus on the
health of entire populations while they are still healthy, rather than individual patients after
they have become ill. Just as a doctor treats individual patients, public health "treats" entire
communities. PH works to keep entire populations healthy, and when it fails, populations
suffer.
Community health correct answers Multi-sector and multi-disciplinary collaborative
enterprise that uses PH science, evidence-based strategies, and other approaches to engage
and work with communities, in a culturally respective and collaborative manner, to optimize
health and reduce inequities for all persons who live work and play in a community.
Disparities correct answers Differences in health status among distinct segments of the pop
including differences that occur by gender, race or ethnicity, education or income, disability,
or living in various geographic localities.
Inequities correct answers Disparities in health that are a result of systemic, avoidable, and
unjust social and economic policies and practices that create barriers to opportunity.
Health equity correct answers The absence of differences in health between groups with
differential exposure to those social and economic policies and practices that create barriers
to opportunity.
Socio-ecological model correct answers Looks at upstream factors. Considers social factors
such as discriminatory beliefs (race, class, gender,etc.), institutional power (corporations,
govt, schools), social inequities (neighborhood conditions, segregation, work conditions)
Medical model correct answers Looks at risk factors & behaviors (smoking, nutrition, etc.),
disease and injury (infectious/chronic disease), and mortality. Factors in individual health
knowledge, healthcare access and genetics.
Socio-ecological model policy correct answers Strategic partnerships advocacy, community
capacity building, community organizing, civic engagement
bio-medical model policy correct answers individual health education, case management,
healthcare
"Health stream": pro-equity policies, practices, and systems correct answers Focus upstream
to address root causes and be pro-equity.
Pro-equity policies and values: inclusion, social justice
"Health stream": conditions correct answers pro-equity systems and policies result in
improved community conditions, known as "determinants of equity."
Affordable/safe housing, good wages, quality education, food, justice system, environment,
transportation, etc.
, "Health stream": outcomes correct answers Individuals and families thrive regardless of race
and place
good health, high quality of life, healthy years, happiness, education, civic engagement,
economic well-being
Social determinants of health correct answers Life-enhancing resources such as food supply,
housing, economic and social relationships, transportation, education, and health care, whose
distribution across pop effectively determines length and quality of life.
WHO: social determinants of health correct answers SDOH are conditions in which people
born, grow, live, work including the health system. These are shaped by distribution of
money, power, and resources., which themselves are shaped by policy choices. SDOH
responsible for health inequities, unfair and avoidable differences in health status.
Structural racism correct answers Public policies, institutional practices, cultural
representations, and other norms that work in linking place, advantage/disadvantage, and
ultimately health. Identifies dimensions of history and culture that have allowed privileges
associated with "whiteness"and disadvantages associated with "color" to endure and adapt
over time.
Interpersonal racism/discrimination correct answers Discriminatory treatment &/or prejudice
between individuals
Institutional racism/discrimination correct answers Bias within an institution, like school or
govt, that results in unfair policies and practices, inequitable opportunities and impacts, based
on race/ethnicity
Intersectionality correct answers Ways in which oppressive institutions (racism, sexism etc.)
are interconnected and cannot be examined separately from one another.
Social & environmental determinants of health correct answers 1. Health starts long before
illness: in home, neighborhood, work school
2. Public policy and social/cultural norms shape places and opportunities
3. Everyone should have the opportunity to make the choices that allow them to live a long,
healthy life, regardless of income, education, residence or ethnic background
Environmental determinism (Hippocrates) correct answers The physical environment,
including the climate, has a controlling effect on human development, including behavior.
Can explain why some populations are impoverished (natural selection). Ignores role of
colonialism, racism, power.
*be skeptical that environment alone determines access to health promoting resources and
outcomes*
Miasma correct answers Filth and foul air caused diseae
Solution: sanitation, sewerage, move slaughterhouses, ventilation, street cleaning
Challenges: doesn't explain why not all filthy neighborhoods experienced epidemics. Costly:
rich don't want to pay for the poor
