BIOD-152
Bio 152 Final Exam Review Questions
and Answers 2025
For a neuron with an initial membrane potential at -70 mV, an increase in the
movement of potassium ions out of that neuron's cytoplasm would result in the _____. -
Correct Answer ✔hyperpolarization of the neuron
The operation of the sodium-potassium "pump" moves _____. -Correct Answer
✔sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell
ATP hydrolysis directly powers the movement of _____. -Correct Answer ✔Na+ out of
cells
The "threshold" potential of a membrane is the _____. -Correct Answer ✔minimum
depolarization needed to operate the voltage-gated sodium and
voltage-gated potassium channels
The membrane's permeability to sodium ions is at its maximum at _____. -Correct
Answer ✔-50mV
The cell is not hyperpolarized; however, repolarization is in progress, as the sodium
channels are closing or closed, and many potassium channels have opened at _____. -
Correct Answer ✔the maximum mV of graph
If you experimentally increase the concentration of K+ inside a cell while maintaining
other ion concentrations as they were, what would happen to the cell's membrane
potential? -Correct Answer ✔The membrane potential would become less negative.
If the activity of the sodium-potassium pump was completely stopped, what would
happen to the neuron's membrane potential? -Correct Answer ✔slow decrease of
resting potential
Tetrodotoxin blocks voltage-gated sodium channels and ouabain blocks
sodiumpotassium
pumps. If you added both tetrodotoxin and ouabain to a solution containing
neural tissue, what responses would you expect? -Correct Answer ✔immediate loss of
action potential with gradual loss of resting potential
Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) are born in freshwater environments and then
migrate to the sea. Near the end of their lives, they return to the freshwater stream
where
they were born to spawn. In freshwater, water constantly diffuses into the body and ions
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,BIOD-152
are lost from the body. In salt water, body water diffuses out of the body and excess
ions
are gained from the water. A salmon's gills have special cells to pump salt in or out of
the
body to maintain homeostasis. In response to the salmon's moves between freshwater
and
salt water, some cells in the gills are produced and others are destroyed. These
changes
made in the cells of the gills during the lifetime of an individual salmon are an example
of which of the following?
A) evolution
B) trade-off
C) acclimatization
D) adaptation -Correct Answer ✔C) acclimatization
You observe two female fish of the same species breeding. One female lays 100 eggs
and the other female lays 1000 eggs. Which one of the following is LEAST likely given
the limits of fitness trade-offs?
A) The female laying 100 eggs breeds more often than the female laying 1000 eggs.
B) The female laying 100 eggs lives longer than the female laying 1000 eggs.
C) The eggs from the female laying 1000 eggs have larger yolks than the yolks of the
eggs from the female laying 100 eggs.
D) The female laying 1000 eggs is larger than the female laying 100 eggs. -Correct
Answer ✔C) The eggs from the female laying 1000 eggs have larger yolks than the
yolks of the
eggs from the female laying 100 eggs
If you were to view a sample of animal tissue under a light microscope and notice an
extensive extracellular matrix surrounding a tissue, which tissue type would you most
suspect?
A) connective
B) cardiac muscle
C) epithelial
D) nervous
E) striated muscle -Correct Answer ✔A) connective
Blood is best classified as connective tissue because _____. -Correct Answer ✔its cells
are separated from each other by an extracellular matrix
The type of muscle tissue surrounding the intestines and blood vessels is _____. -
Correct Answer ✔smooth muscle
A behavioral physiologist is studying the homeostatic control of blood pH. In a trial,
a lizard runs on a treadmill for a set amount of time and the blood pH is measured. The
blood pH drops as carbon dioxide is released into the bloodstream. Which component
of
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, BIOD-152
the homeostatic feedback system is responsible for deciding if the blood pH is far
enough
from normal that a response is necessary? -Correct Answer ✔integrator
Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?
A) During birthing contractions, oxytocin (a hormone) is released and acts to stimulate
further contractions.
B) When a baby is nursing, suckling leads to the production of more milk and a
subsequent increase in the secretion of prolactin (a hormone that stimulates lactation).
C) After a blood vessel is damaged, signals are released by the damaged tissues that
activate platelets in the blood. These activated platelets release chemicals that activate
more platelets.
D) When the level of glucose in the blood increases, the pancreas produces and
releases the hormone insulin. Insulin acts to decrease blood glucose. As blood
glucose decreases, the rate of production and release of insulin decreases as blood
glucose decreases. -Correct Answer ✔D) When the level of glucose in the blood
increases, the pancreas produces and
releases the hormone insulin. Insulin acts to decrease blood glucose. As blood
glucose decreases, the rate of production and release of insulin decreases as blood
glucose decreases.
You discover a new species of bacteria that grows in aquatic environments with high
salt levels. While studying these bacteria, you note that their internal environment is
similar to the salt concentrations in their surroundings. You also discover that the
internal
salt concentrations of the bacteria change as the salt concentration in their environment
changes. The new species can tolerate small changes in this way, but dies from large
changes because it has no mechanism for altering its own internal salt levels. What type
of homeostatic mechanism is this species using to regulate its internal salt levels? -
Correct Answer ✔conformational homeostasis
You are studying a large tropical reptile that has a high and relatively stable body
temperature. How would you determine whether this animal is an endotherm or an
ectotherm? -Correct Answer ✔You subject this reptile to various temperatures in the lab
and find that its body temperature and metabolic rate change with the ambient
temperature. You conclude that it is an ectotherm.
There are advantages and disadvantages to adaptations. Animals that are endothermic
are likely to be at the greatest disadvantage in _____. -Correct Answer ✔environments
with variable and limited food sources
Which organ system secretes hormones? -Correct Answer ✔Endocrine
Which organ system encloses internal body structures? -Correct Answer
✔Integumentary
3|Page
Bio 152 Final Exam Review Questions
and Answers 2025
For a neuron with an initial membrane potential at -70 mV, an increase in the
movement of potassium ions out of that neuron's cytoplasm would result in the _____. -
Correct Answer ✔hyperpolarization of the neuron
The operation of the sodium-potassium "pump" moves _____. -Correct Answer
✔sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell
ATP hydrolysis directly powers the movement of _____. -Correct Answer ✔Na+ out of
cells
The "threshold" potential of a membrane is the _____. -Correct Answer ✔minimum
depolarization needed to operate the voltage-gated sodium and
voltage-gated potassium channels
The membrane's permeability to sodium ions is at its maximum at _____. -Correct
Answer ✔-50mV
The cell is not hyperpolarized; however, repolarization is in progress, as the sodium
channels are closing or closed, and many potassium channels have opened at _____. -
Correct Answer ✔the maximum mV of graph
If you experimentally increase the concentration of K+ inside a cell while maintaining
other ion concentrations as they were, what would happen to the cell's membrane
potential? -Correct Answer ✔The membrane potential would become less negative.
If the activity of the sodium-potassium pump was completely stopped, what would
happen to the neuron's membrane potential? -Correct Answer ✔slow decrease of
resting potential
Tetrodotoxin blocks voltage-gated sodium channels and ouabain blocks
sodiumpotassium
pumps. If you added both tetrodotoxin and ouabain to a solution containing
neural tissue, what responses would you expect? -Correct Answer ✔immediate loss of
action potential with gradual loss of resting potential
Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) are born in freshwater environments and then
migrate to the sea. Near the end of their lives, they return to the freshwater stream
where
they were born to spawn. In freshwater, water constantly diffuses into the body and ions
1|Page
,BIOD-152
are lost from the body. In salt water, body water diffuses out of the body and excess
ions
are gained from the water. A salmon's gills have special cells to pump salt in or out of
the
body to maintain homeostasis. In response to the salmon's moves between freshwater
and
salt water, some cells in the gills are produced and others are destroyed. These
changes
made in the cells of the gills during the lifetime of an individual salmon are an example
of which of the following?
A) evolution
B) trade-off
C) acclimatization
D) adaptation -Correct Answer ✔C) acclimatization
You observe two female fish of the same species breeding. One female lays 100 eggs
and the other female lays 1000 eggs. Which one of the following is LEAST likely given
the limits of fitness trade-offs?
A) The female laying 100 eggs breeds more often than the female laying 1000 eggs.
B) The female laying 100 eggs lives longer than the female laying 1000 eggs.
C) The eggs from the female laying 1000 eggs have larger yolks than the yolks of the
eggs from the female laying 100 eggs.
D) The female laying 1000 eggs is larger than the female laying 100 eggs. -Correct
Answer ✔C) The eggs from the female laying 1000 eggs have larger yolks than the
yolks of the
eggs from the female laying 100 eggs
If you were to view a sample of animal tissue under a light microscope and notice an
extensive extracellular matrix surrounding a tissue, which tissue type would you most
suspect?
A) connective
B) cardiac muscle
C) epithelial
D) nervous
E) striated muscle -Correct Answer ✔A) connective
Blood is best classified as connective tissue because _____. -Correct Answer ✔its cells
are separated from each other by an extracellular matrix
The type of muscle tissue surrounding the intestines and blood vessels is _____. -
Correct Answer ✔smooth muscle
A behavioral physiologist is studying the homeostatic control of blood pH. In a trial,
a lizard runs on a treadmill for a set amount of time and the blood pH is measured. The
blood pH drops as carbon dioxide is released into the bloodstream. Which component
of
2|Page
, BIOD-152
the homeostatic feedback system is responsible for deciding if the blood pH is far
enough
from normal that a response is necessary? -Correct Answer ✔integrator
Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?
A) During birthing contractions, oxytocin (a hormone) is released and acts to stimulate
further contractions.
B) When a baby is nursing, suckling leads to the production of more milk and a
subsequent increase in the secretion of prolactin (a hormone that stimulates lactation).
C) After a blood vessel is damaged, signals are released by the damaged tissues that
activate platelets in the blood. These activated platelets release chemicals that activate
more platelets.
D) When the level of glucose in the blood increases, the pancreas produces and
releases the hormone insulin. Insulin acts to decrease blood glucose. As blood
glucose decreases, the rate of production and release of insulin decreases as blood
glucose decreases. -Correct Answer ✔D) When the level of glucose in the blood
increases, the pancreas produces and
releases the hormone insulin. Insulin acts to decrease blood glucose. As blood
glucose decreases, the rate of production and release of insulin decreases as blood
glucose decreases.
You discover a new species of bacteria that grows in aquatic environments with high
salt levels. While studying these bacteria, you note that their internal environment is
similar to the salt concentrations in their surroundings. You also discover that the
internal
salt concentrations of the bacteria change as the salt concentration in their environment
changes. The new species can tolerate small changes in this way, but dies from large
changes because it has no mechanism for altering its own internal salt levels. What type
of homeostatic mechanism is this species using to regulate its internal salt levels? -
Correct Answer ✔conformational homeostasis
You are studying a large tropical reptile that has a high and relatively stable body
temperature. How would you determine whether this animal is an endotherm or an
ectotherm? -Correct Answer ✔You subject this reptile to various temperatures in the lab
and find that its body temperature and metabolic rate change with the ambient
temperature. You conclude that it is an ectotherm.
There are advantages and disadvantages to adaptations. Animals that are endothermic
are likely to be at the greatest disadvantage in _____. -Correct Answer ✔environments
with variable and limited food sources
Which organ system secretes hormones? -Correct Answer ✔Endocrine
Which organ system encloses internal body structures? -Correct Answer
✔Integumentary
3|Page
