©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 11:08AM. A+
USMLE Step 2 CK Review Exam Questions And
Answers |Latest 2025 | Guaranteed Pass.
What is the best diagnostic procedure for a patient who presents with Dysphagia/Odynophagia,
Weight Loss, Anemia, and Heme-Positive Stool? - Answer✔Endoscopy
What is the name for the inability of the Lower Esophageal Sphincter to relax due to loss of
nerve plexus within the lower esophagus? - Answer✔Achalasia
What is the most likely diagnosis for a person who has new onset odynophagia after recent
travel to South America? - Answer✔Chagas Disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
What is the most accurate test for differentiating between Nutcracker Esophagus of Diffuse
Esophageal Spasm? - Answer✔Esophageal Manometry
If an AIDS patient has pain on swallowing and a CD4 count under 50, what empiric treatment
modality is likely to correct this condition? - Answer✔Oral Fluconazole (Assuming this is
Thrush/Candida)
A patient with Esophageal Candidiasis that is resistant to Oral Fluconazole treatment should be
treated with what? - Answer✔Intravenous Amphoteracin B
Which virus is likely to cause large mucosal ulcerations of the esophagus in an HIV+ patient with
a CD4 count under 100? - Answer✔Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Which virus is likely to cause multiple, small, shallow ulcerations of the esophagus in an HIV+
patient with a CD4 count under 100? - Answer✔Herpes Simplex Virus
What is the name for a scarring/stricture in the distal esophagus due to acid reflux and
associated with hiatal hernia? - Answer✔Schatzki Ring
What is the name for the triad of Dysphagia/Esophageal Webs, Iron Deficiency Anemia, and
Glossitis? - Answer✔Plummer Vinson Syndrome
1
, ©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 11:08AM. A+
What is the treatment for Plummer Vinson Syndrome? - Answer✔Iron Replacement
What is the name for an outpouching of the posterior pharyngeal muscles which leads to
regurgitation of undigested food, bad breath, and halitosis? - Answer✔Zenker's Diverticulum
What is the most effective test to diagnosis Zenker's Diverticulum? - Answer✔Barium Swallow
Study (Barium Esophogram)
What is the most effective treatment of Zenker's Diverticulum? - Answer✔Surgical Excision of
Diverticulum
What is the most effective treatment for Scleroderma? - Answer✔Proton Pump Inhibitors
Hammen's Sign (Subcutaneous Crepitus) in an alcoholic patient means the patient should be
immediately investigated for what diagnosis requiring emergency surgery? -
Answer✔Boerhaave's Syndrome
What are the three aspects of Charcot's Triad for Cholangitis? - Answer✔Right Upper Quadrant
Pain, Fever, Jaundice
Which condition involves Left Upper Quadrant Pain shortly after eating in a patient who has
Irritable Bowel Syndrome? - Answer✔Splenic Flexure Syndrome (Gas distention swells the
splenic capsule after eating)
Epigastric Tenderness in a patient with previous gallstones : Most Likely Diagnosis? -
Answer✔Pancreatitis
Bad Taste in the mouth, cough, hoarseness, and pain related to position: Most Likely Diagnosis?
- Answer✔GERD
Diabetic patient with bloating, epigastric tenderness: Most Likely Diagnosis? -
Answer✔Gastroparesis
Burns, Trauma, Sepsis, Intubation, or Multi Organ Failure resulting in Uremia can all result in
which condition? - Answer✔Stress Ulcers
Which condition is defined by large ulcers (greater than 1cm) past the third portion of the
duodenum and presents with diarrhea, abdominal pain, anemia, and heme positive stools? -
Answer✔Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (Gastrinoma)
What is the treatment for a diabetic patient with intermittent nausea, constipation, bloating
and a succussion splash on physical examination? - Answer✔Erythromycin (Increases Gastric
Motility)
GET SMASHED - Pancreatitis Mnemonic - Answer✔Gallstones
2
, ©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 11:08AM. A+
Ethanol
Trauma
Scorpions
Mumps
AutoImmune
Steroids
Hyperlipidemia
ERCP
Drugs
What is the most common cause of Upper GI Bleeding? - Answer✔Ulcers
What is the most common cause of Lower GI Bleeding? - Answer✔Diverticulosis
What percentage of blood has likely been lost by the time a patient exhibits a 10 point rise in
pulse and 20 point decrease in systolic blood pressure when going from supine to sitting
(Orthostasis) - Answer✔20%
What percentage of blood has likely been lost by the time a patient exhibits tachycardia (BPM >
100) or hypotension (Systolic BP <100)? - Answer✔30%
When treating which condition is it ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY to give alpha blockers before beta
blockers in order to avoid a massive spike in the patient's (already elevated) blood pressure? -
Answer✔Pheochromocytoma (acute episode of pheo or cocaine overdose)
A patient with Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia can be treated with vagal maneuvers
(carotid massage, cold water immersion, or valsava) because these maneuvers decrease
conductivity at which point in the heart? - Answer✔AV Node (Increasing vagal tone results in a
decrease in conductivity at the AV node, possibly breaking the disturbed rhythm)
Potentially Reversible Causes of Urinary Incontinence in the Elderly: DIAPPERS Mnemonic: -
Answer✔Delirium
Infection
Atrophic Urethritis/Vaginitis
Pharmaceuticals (Alpha Blockers, Diuretics)
Psychological (Depression)
Excessive Urine Output (CHF, Diabetes)
3
, ©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 11:08AM. A+
Restricted Mobility (Post-Op)
Stool Impaction
Increasing calcium intake and fluid intake while decreasing protein, oxalate, and sodium intake
are the dietary regulations for patients with which condition? - Answer✔Renal Calculi
Which antipsychotic extrapyramidal effect is characterized by sudden sustained contraction of
the neck, mouth, tongue, and/or eye muscles and is treated with Benztropine or
Diphenhydramine? - Answer✔Acute Dystonic Reaction
One month after starting Risperidone a patient develops gradual onset tremor, rigidity, and
bradykinesia. What is this condition called? - Answer✔Secondary Parkinsonism
This condition can occur due to papillary muscle displacement in patients with an acute
myocardial infarction and leads to abrupt and excessive volume overload of the atrium and
ventricle, thus increasing their filling pressures. - Answer✔Acute Mitral Regurgitation (Realize
the difference here from chronic MR. Acute MR shows no changes to size of the heart)
A 19 year old man presents with blood in his stool and is found to have hundreds of colonic
polyps on colonscopy. What is the most appropriate treatment for this condition (Familial
Colonic Polyposis) - Answer✔Procto-Colectomy (Patients with familial colonic polyps have a
100% chance of developing cancer if left untreated)
Of the Calf Veins, Renal Veins, Iliofemoral Veins, Upper Extremity Veins, and Clots in the heart,
which location is most likely to result in a pulmonary embolism? - Answer✔Iliofemoral veins
(Proximal deep leg veins like the iliofemoral are common sources of symptomatic pulmonary
embolism)
Prolonged use of Proton Pump Inhibitors or Histamine 2 Receptor Antagonists commonly leads
to which diarrheal condition? - Answer✔Clostridium Dificile Colitis
Which condition is associated with a migratory rash with central clearing and eroded borders,
weight loss, and vague GI Symptoms in a diabetic patient? - Answer✔Glucagonoma
A patient that presents with an extremely painful spreading skin infection that shows gas under
the skin on xray likely has which condition? - Answer✔Necrotizing Fasciitis
An elderly man with known BPH has experienced continually increasing urinary frequency,
urgency, hesitation, and nocturia over the last several months. His PSA is normal and prostate is
enlarged but smooth, firm, and symmetrical. What imaging should be done? - Answer✔Renal
Ultrasound (Worsening BPH can cause urinary obstruction leading to renal failure. Alpha
blockers like Tamsulosin or 5-a-Reductase Inhibitors like Finasteride can help improve urinary
symptoms. )
4
USMLE Step 2 CK Review Exam Questions And
Answers |Latest 2025 | Guaranteed Pass.
What is the best diagnostic procedure for a patient who presents with Dysphagia/Odynophagia,
Weight Loss, Anemia, and Heme-Positive Stool? - Answer✔Endoscopy
What is the name for the inability of the Lower Esophageal Sphincter to relax due to loss of
nerve plexus within the lower esophagus? - Answer✔Achalasia
What is the most likely diagnosis for a person who has new onset odynophagia after recent
travel to South America? - Answer✔Chagas Disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
What is the most accurate test for differentiating between Nutcracker Esophagus of Diffuse
Esophageal Spasm? - Answer✔Esophageal Manometry
If an AIDS patient has pain on swallowing and a CD4 count under 50, what empiric treatment
modality is likely to correct this condition? - Answer✔Oral Fluconazole (Assuming this is
Thrush/Candida)
A patient with Esophageal Candidiasis that is resistant to Oral Fluconazole treatment should be
treated with what? - Answer✔Intravenous Amphoteracin B
Which virus is likely to cause large mucosal ulcerations of the esophagus in an HIV+ patient with
a CD4 count under 100? - Answer✔Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Which virus is likely to cause multiple, small, shallow ulcerations of the esophagus in an HIV+
patient with a CD4 count under 100? - Answer✔Herpes Simplex Virus
What is the name for a scarring/stricture in the distal esophagus due to acid reflux and
associated with hiatal hernia? - Answer✔Schatzki Ring
What is the name for the triad of Dysphagia/Esophageal Webs, Iron Deficiency Anemia, and
Glossitis? - Answer✔Plummer Vinson Syndrome
1
, ©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 11:08AM. A+
What is the treatment for Plummer Vinson Syndrome? - Answer✔Iron Replacement
What is the name for an outpouching of the posterior pharyngeal muscles which leads to
regurgitation of undigested food, bad breath, and halitosis? - Answer✔Zenker's Diverticulum
What is the most effective test to diagnosis Zenker's Diverticulum? - Answer✔Barium Swallow
Study (Barium Esophogram)
What is the most effective treatment of Zenker's Diverticulum? - Answer✔Surgical Excision of
Diverticulum
What is the most effective treatment for Scleroderma? - Answer✔Proton Pump Inhibitors
Hammen's Sign (Subcutaneous Crepitus) in an alcoholic patient means the patient should be
immediately investigated for what diagnosis requiring emergency surgery? -
Answer✔Boerhaave's Syndrome
What are the three aspects of Charcot's Triad for Cholangitis? - Answer✔Right Upper Quadrant
Pain, Fever, Jaundice
Which condition involves Left Upper Quadrant Pain shortly after eating in a patient who has
Irritable Bowel Syndrome? - Answer✔Splenic Flexure Syndrome (Gas distention swells the
splenic capsule after eating)
Epigastric Tenderness in a patient with previous gallstones : Most Likely Diagnosis? -
Answer✔Pancreatitis
Bad Taste in the mouth, cough, hoarseness, and pain related to position: Most Likely Diagnosis?
- Answer✔GERD
Diabetic patient with bloating, epigastric tenderness: Most Likely Diagnosis? -
Answer✔Gastroparesis
Burns, Trauma, Sepsis, Intubation, or Multi Organ Failure resulting in Uremia can all result in
which condition? - Answer✔Stress Ulcers
Which condition is defined by large ulcers (greater than 1cm) past the third portion of the
duodenum and presents with diarrhea, abdominal pain, anemia, and heme positive stools? -
Answer✔Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (Gastrinoma)
What is the treatment for a diabetic patient with intermittent nausea, constipation, bloating
and a succussion splash on physical examination? - Answer✔Erythromycin (Increases Gastric
Motility)
GET SMASHED - Pancreatitis Mnemonic - Answer✔Gallstones
2
, ©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 11:08AM. A+
Ethanol
Trauma
Scorpions
Mumps
AutoImmune
Steroids
Hyperlipidemia
ERCP
Drugs
What is the most common cause of Upper GI Bleeding? - Answer✔Ulcers
What is the most common cause of Lower GI Bleeding? - Answer✔Diverticulosis
What percentage of blood has likely been lost by the time a patient exhibits a 10 point rise in
pulse and 20 point decrease in systolic blood pressure when going from supine to sitting
(Orthostasis) - Answer✔20%
What percentage of blood has likely been lost by the time a patient exhibits tachycardia (BPM >
100) or hypotension (Systolic BP <100)? - Answer✔30%
When treating which condition is it ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY to give alpha blockers before beta
blockers in order to avoid a massive spike in the patient's (already elevated) blood pressure? -
Answer✔Pheochromocytoma (acute episode of pheo or cocaine overdose)
A patient with Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia can be treated with vagal maneuvers
(carotid massage, cold water immersion, or valsava) because these maneuvers decrease
conductivity at which point in the heart? - Answer✔AV Node (Increasing vagal tone results in a
decrease in conductivity at the AV node, possibly breaking the disturbed rhythm)
Potentially Reversible Causes of Urinary Incontinence in the Elderly: DIAPPERS Mnemonic: -
Answer✔Delirium
Infection
Atrophic Urethritis/Vaginitis
Pharmaceuticals (Alpha Blockers, Diuretics)
Psychological (Depression)
Excessive Urine Output (CHF, Diabetes)
3
, ©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 11:08AM. A+
Restricted Mobility (Post-Op)
Stool Impaction
Increasing calcium intake and fluid intake while decreasing protein, oxalate, and sodium intake
are the dietary regulations for patients with which condition? - Answer✔Renal Calculi
Which antipsychotic extrapyramidal effect is characterized by sudden sustained contraction of
the neck, mouth, tongue, and/or eye muscles and is treated with Benztropine or
Diphenhydramine? - Answer✔Acute Dystonic Reaction
One month after starting Risperidone a patient develops gradual onset tremor, rigidity, and
bradykinesia. What is this condition called? - Answer✔Secondary Parkinsonism
This condition can occur due to papillary muscle displacement in patients with an acute
myocardial infarction and leads to abrupt and excessive volume overload of the atrium and
ventricle, thus increasing their filling pressures. - Answer✔Acute Mitral Regurgitation (Realize
the difference here from chronic MR. Acute MR shows no changes to size of the heart)
A 19 year old man presents with blood in his stool and is found to have hundreds of colonic
polyps on colonscopy. What is the most appropriate treatment for this condition (Familial
Colonic Polyposis) - Answer✔Procto-Colectomy (Patients with familial colonic polyps have a
100% chance of developing cancer if left untreated)
Of the Calf Veins, Renal Veins, Iliofemoral Veins, Upper Extremity Veins, and Clots in the heart,
which location is most likely to result in a pulmonary embolism? - Answer✔Iliofemoral veins
(Proximal deep leg veins like the iliofemoral are common sources of symptomatic pulmonary
embolism)
Prolonged use of Proton Pump Inhibitors or Histamine 2 Receptor Antagonists commonly leads
to which diarrheal condition? - Answer✔Clostridium Dificile Colitis
Which condition is associated with a migratory rash with central clearing and eroded borders,
weight loss, and vague GI Symptoms in a diabetic patient? - Answer✔Glucagonoma
A patient that presents with an extremely painful spreading skin infection that shows gas under
the skin on xray likely has which condition? - Answer✔Necrotizing Fasciitis
An elderly man with known BPH has experienced continually increasing urinary frequency,
urgency, hesitation, and nocturia over the last several months. His PSA is normal and prostate is
enlarged but smooth, firm, and symmetrical. What imaging should be done? - Answer✔Renal
Ultrasound (Worsening BPH can cause urinary obstruction leading to renal failure. Alpha
blockers like Tamsulosin or 5-a-Reductase Inhibitors like Finasteride can help improve urinary
symptoms. )
4
