©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 11:08AM. A+
PCCN Exam Questions And Answers |Latest
2025 | Guaranteed Pass.
What is the function of the cardiovascular system - Answer✔to drive O2 to the cell so that the
cell can make ATP for energy production
What is the formula for CARDIAC OUTPUT - Answer✔Stroke volume x Heart Rate
CO = HR X SV ( Preload + Afterload + Contractility)
What is the term for the amount of blood that is pumped out of the ventricle each MINUTE? -
Answer✔Cardiac Output ( approximately 4 - 8 LPM )
What is the term for the amount of blood that is pumped out of the ventricle each BEAT? -
Answer✔Stroke Volume
What is the term for the number of contractions / minute? - Answer✔Heart Rate
IMPORTANT RELATIONSHIPS TO KNOW - Answer✔1. CO DECREASED -> HR INCREASES ( to
maintain adequate stroke volume )
2. CO INCREASED -> HR DECREASES ( as stroke volume decreases )
3. HR DECREASED -> SV DECREASES and CO DECREASES
4. HR INCREASES ( > 150 ) -> SV DECREASES and CO DECREASES
5. SV DECREASES -> CO DECREASES and HR INCREASES
6. SV INCREASES -> CO INCREASES and HR DECREASES
1
, ©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 11:08AM. A+
What is the term for the volume of blood ejected from the ventricle per minute adjusted for
body size - Answer✔Cardiac Index
What is a normal cardiac index? - Answer✔Normal = 2.5 to 4.4 L/min/m2
**Always utilize CI values on exam (especially for bigger patients)
What is a normal amount (mL/beat) for stroke volume? - Answer✔60 to 100 mL
What is the term for the end-diastolic volume stretching the ventricle? - Answer✔Preload
( increased fluid = increased stroke volume )
What is the term for the pressure that the ventricle must OVERCOME in order to eject blood
into the circulatory system? - Answer✔Afterload
What is the term for the inotropic state the cardiac muscle - Answer✔Contractility
(how well the heart is contracted)
Preload is the function of which part of the circulatory system? - Answer✔VEINS
FUNCTION OF VEINS = PRELOAD
What is the RIGHT VENTRICLE PRELOAD assessed by? - Answer✔CVP (Central venous pressure)
(Normal is approx. 2 - 8 mmhg)
What is a normal central venous pressure ? - Answer✔Approximately 2 - 8 mmhg
What is the LEFT VENTRICLE PRELOAD assessed by? - Answer✔PAOP (Pulmonary artery
occlusion pressure) / PAW pulmonary artery wedge pressure
-Swans ganns in placed wedge pressure (PA)
What are the signs and symptoms of an altered preload? - Answer✔1. Dehydration (decreased
preload)
2. Fluid overload (increased preload)
What are some causes of a low preload? - Answer✔1. Hemorrhage
2. Dehydration
2
PCCN Exam Questions And Answers |Latest
2025 | Guaranteed Pass.
What is the function of the cardiovascular system - Answer✔to drive O2 to the cell so that the
cell can make ATP for energy production
What is the formula for CARDIAC OUTPUT - Answer✔Stroke volume x Heart Rate
CO = HR X SV ( Preload + Afterload + Contractility)
What is the term for the amount of blood that is pumped out of the ventricle each MINUTE? -
Answer✔Cardiac Output ( approximately 4 - 8 LPM )
What is the term for the amount of blood that is pumped out of the ventricle each BEAT? -
Answer✔Stroke Volume
What is the term for the number of contractions / minute? - Answer✔Heart Rate
IMPORTANT RELATIONSHIPS TO KNOW - Answer✔1. CO DECREASED -> HR INCREASES ( to
maintain adequate stroke volume )
2. CO INCREASED -> HR DECREASES ( as stroke volume decreases )
3. HR DECREASED -> SV DECREASES and CO DECREASES
4. HR INCREASES ( > 150 ) -> SV DECREASES and CO DECREASES
5. SV DECREASES -> CO DECREASES and HR INCREASES
6. SV INCREASES -> CO INCREASES and HR DECREASES
1
, ©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 11:08AM. A+
What is the term for the volume of blood ejected from the ventricle per minute adjusted for
body size - Answer✔Cardiac Index
What is a normal cardiac index? - Answer✔Normal = 2.5 to 4.4 L/min/m2
**Always utilize CI values on exam (especially for bigger patients)
What is a normal amount (mL/beat) for stroke volume? - Answer✔60 to 100 mL
What is the term for the end-diastolic volume stretching the ventricle? - Answer✔Preload
( increased fluid = increased stroke volume )
What is the term for the pressure that the ventricle must OVERCOME in order to eject blood
into the circulatory system? - Answer✔Afterload
What is the term for the inotropic state the cardiac muscle - Answer✔Contractility
(how well the heart is contracted)
Preload is the function of which part of the circulatory system? - Answer✔VEINS
FUNCTION OF VEINS = PRELOAD
What is the RIGHT VENTRICLE PRELOAD assessed by? - Answer✔CVP (Central venous pressure)
(Normal is approx. 2 - 8 mmhg)
What is a normal central venous pressure ? - Answer✔Approximately 2 - 8 mmhg
What is the LEFT VENTRICLE PRELOAD assessed by? - Answer✔PAOP (Pulmonary artery
occlusion pressure) / PAW pulmonary artery wedge pressure
-Swans ganns in placed wedge pressure (PA)
What are the signs and symptoms of an altered preload? - Answer✔1. Dehydration (decreased
preload)
2. Fluid overload (increased preload)
What are some causes of a low preload? - Answer✔1. Hemorrhage
2. Dehydration
2
