PCOS, INFERTILITY AND MENOPAUSE
EXAM #2 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome will have - ANSWER-•Irregular menstrual cycles
•Amenorrhea
•Menorrhagia
•Anovulatory bleeding
Infertility (#1 cause in women)
•Anovulation
Androgen excess
Multiple cysts on ovaries
•Unreleased follicles
•Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
•Two of the following: in order to diagnose - ANSWER-•Few or anovulatory menstrual
cycles
•Elevated levels of androgens
•Polycystic ovaries
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) -Associated with
treated with?
common cause of? - ANSWER-•genetic predisposition and obesity
•Insulin resistance
•Excessive insulin and androgens
Symptoms related to anovulation and excess androgens
•Treated with oral contraceptives
Common cause of infertility
follicle produced in PCOS?
PCOS •Without ovulation? - ANSWER-Follicle is produced but is not released
Without ovulation:
•Progesterone is not produced
•Estrogen production continues - increase breast cancer
, •Endometrium proliferates unchecked
•Endometrium sloughs in unpredictable manner due to varied thickness
PCOS Complications - ANSWER-•Type II Diabetes
•40% of Type II diabetes patients age 20-50 - Due to PCOS
•Hypertension
•Coronary Artery Disease
•Infertility
•Depression/Anxiety
•Anemia
•Endometrial cancer
Liver disease
Signs and Symptoms PCOS - ANSWER-•Infertility
•Irregular Menstrual Cycles
•Type II diabetes in young female
•Obesity
•Enlarged Ovaries on exam
Diagnosis PCOS - ANSWER-History
•Anovulation
•Masculinization
Exam
•Enlarged ovaries
Pelvic Ultrasound
Treatment PCOS - ANSWER-•Oral Contraceptives
•Clomiphene
•Weight loss
•Treat diabetes
•Lower Cholesterol
Metformin
•Improves glucose control
•Reduces androgen levels
•Improves ovulation rates
Menopause - ANSWER-•Permanent cessation of menses following the loss of ovarian
follicular activity
•12 consecutive months without a menses
•Decreasing primordial follicles produces decreasing anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH)
EXAM #2 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome will have - ANSWER-•Irregular menstrual cycles
•Amenorrhea
•Menorrhagia
•Anovulatory bleeding
Infertility (#1 cause in women)
•Anovulation
Androgen excess
Multiple cysts on ovaries
•Unreleased follicles
•Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
•Two of the following: in order to diagnose - ANSWER-•Few or anovulatory menstrual
cycles
•Elevated levels of androgens
•Polycystic ovaries
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) -Associated with
treated with?
common cause of? - ANSWER-•genetic predisposition and obesity
•Insulin resistance
•Excessive insulin and androgens
Symptoms related to anovulation and excess androgens
•Treated with oral contraceptives
Common cause of infertility
follicle produced in PCOS?
PCOS •Without ovulation? - ANSWER-Follicle is produced but is not released
Without ovulation:
•Progesterone is not produced
•Estrogen production continues - increase breast cancer
, •Endometrium proliferates unchecked
•Endometrium sloughs in unpredictable manner due to varied thickness
PCOS Complications - ANSWER-•Type II Diabetes
•40% of Type II diabetes patients age 20-50 - Due to PCOS
•Hypertension
•Coronary Artery Disease
•Infertility
•Depression/Anxiety
•Anemia
•Endometrial cancer
Liver disease
Signs and Symptoms PCOS - ANSWER-•Infertility
•Irregular Menstrual Cycles
•Type II diabetes in young female
•Obesity
•Enlarged Ovaries on exam
Diagnosis PCOS - ANSWER-History
•Anovulation
•Masculinization
Exam
•Enlarged ovaries
Pelvic Ultrasound
Treatment PCOS - ANSWER-•Oral Contraceptives
•Clomiphene
•Weight loss
•Treat diabetes
•Lower Cholesterol
Metformin
•Improves glucose control
•Reduces androgen levels
•Improves ovulation rates
Menopause - ANSWER-•Permanent cessation of menses following the loss of ovarian
follicular activity
•12 consecutive months without a menses
•Decreasing primordial follicles produces decreasing anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH)
