ADVANCED ASSESSMENT: INTERPRETING FINDINGS AND FORMULATING DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES 5th Edition by Goolsby test bank is not a book but rather exam practice questions and answers

Test Bank for Advanced Assessment: Interpreting Findings
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and Formulating Differential Diagnoses, 5th Edition, Mary Jo
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Goolsby, Laurie GrubbsChapter 1 - 22 | Complete
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,Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview
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Multiple Choice
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Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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y6 1. Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
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A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick

y6 2. Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
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A. Methodical and systematic y6 y6


B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language y6 y6 y6 y6 y6 y6 y6


C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
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D. Adept at reading into the patient’s statements y6 y6 y6 y6 y6 y6




Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
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y6 3. A. Chief complaint y6


B. History of the present illness y6 y6 y6 y6


C. Current vital signs y6 y6


D. All of the above are essential history components
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Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner must
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y6 4. beable to: 6 y6 y6


A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings y6 y6 y6 y6 y6


B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms
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C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions
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D. Foresee unpredictable findings y6 y6




The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
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y6 5. A. Evidence-based investigations y6


B. Primary reports of research y6 y6 y6


C. Estimation based on a provider’s experience y6 y6 y6 y6 y6


D. Published meta-analyses y6




The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
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y6 6. A. Algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article y6 y6 y6 y6 y6 y6


B. Clinical practice guidelines y6 y6


C. Evidence-based research y6


D. All of the above y6 y6 y6




If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a:
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A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
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y6 7. B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
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C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
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D. None of the above y6 y6 y6

,y6 8. If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a:
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A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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C. High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result
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D. Low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result
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y6 9. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
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A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
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B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease
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C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
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D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease
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y6 y6y6y 6 10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-
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based resource based on mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in sel
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ect situations, settings, and/orpatients?
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A. Clinical practice guidelin y6 y6


B. eClinical decision rule Cl
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C. inical algorithm Clinicaly6 y6 y6


D. recommendation

, Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-
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Answer Section
Making: Overview
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MULTIPLE CHOICE
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1. ANS: B y 6


Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-
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making: intuitive and analytical. Intuitive decision-making (similar to Augenblink decision-
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making) is based on the experience and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable and paire
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d with fairly common errors. In contrast, analytical decision-
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making is based on careful consideration and has greater reliabilitywith rare errors.
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PTS: 1
2. ANS: D y 6


To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the patient’s verbal
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andnonverbal language, and able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses to questions.
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Rather than reading into the patient’s statements, they clarify any areas of uncertainty.
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PTS: 1
3. ANS: C y 6


Vital signs are part of the physical examination portion of patient assessment, not part of the healt
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hhistory. y6




PTS: 1
4. ANS: D y 6


While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate betwee
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nnormal and abnormal findings, recall knowledge of a range of conditions, including their ass
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ociated signs and symptoms, recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other co
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nditions, and distinguish the relevance of varied abnormal findings.
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PTS: 1
5. ANS: C y 6


Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and publishe
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d meta- y6


analyses. Another source of statistics, the one that has been most widely used and available
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for application to the reasoning process, is the estimation based on a provider’s experience,
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although these are rarely accurate. Over the past decade, the availability of evidence on whi
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ch to base clinical reasoning is improving, and there is an increasing expectation that clinical r
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easoningbe based on scientific evidence. Evidence- y6 y6 y6 y6 y6 y6


based statistics are also increasingly being used to develop resources to facilitate clinical deci
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sion-making.

PTS: 1
6. ANS: D y 6


To assist in clinical decision-making, a number of evidence-
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based resources have been developedto assist the clinician. Resources, such as algorithms and
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clinical practice guidelines, assist in clinical reasoning when properly applied.
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