Bio 1500- Test 7 UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Describe the likely response of Andean hummingbirds to climate change - CORRECT
ANSWER - As the temperatures warm the low altitude hummingbirds will have a higher
survival rate than the high altitude hummingbirds
Predict which species of Andean hummingbirds have a higher/lower probability ofsurviving
climate change - CORRECT ANSWER - - Low altitude birds living at low altitudes will
have the highest chance of survival
- Low altitude birds living at intermediate altitude will have a lower probability of survival
- High altitude birds living at high altitudes will have the lowest chance of survival
Explain why Dr. Schul is studying katydids, even though he doesn't care about katydids -
CORRECT ANSWER - Katydids are a great system to study bigger and more important
questions
Explain why we are still talking about geese - CORRECT ANSWER - they provide a
platform for us to learn about many biological processes
Identify content and questions from our 'high altitude breathing unit' that correspond to different
levels of biological organization - CORRECT ANSWER - - Molecular: Hb, Hb- O2
dissociation curve, protein folding
- Cellular: transcription/ translation, mutations, gene families, gene expression
- Organismal: fetal development, Hb-O2 binding, bird/ animal respiratory system
- Ecological: climate change impacts, Mt Everest atmosphere
- Environmental: convergent evolution, high altitude Hb evolution, speciation, phylogenetic trees
Structure of viruses - CORRECT ANSWER - - protein coat (capsid)
- Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
- Some have an outer membrane called the envelope
, How are viruses categorized - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Shape and size
2. Type of genetic material (DNA or RNA)
3. Presence of envelope (yes or no)
steps of viral reproduction - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Attach to surface of cell, often by a
receptor
2. Enter cell or inject genome into cell
3. The viral gene directs the cell to produce viral proteins
4. Viral proteins are assembled
5. New viral proteins leave the cell and go infect other cells
Features of Corona viruses - CORRECT ANSWER - - Spherical shape
- Has an envelope
- Positive sense RNA
Describe two pathways by which SARS-CoV-2 enters cells - CORRECT ANSWER -
Endocytotic pathway: virus taken into endosome (membrane bound vesicle); virus fuses with the
endosome membrane and empties genome into host. Cathepsin (enzyme) modifies spike proteins
to allow fusion with membrane
Receptor- mediated fusion: virus binds to a receptor on the surface of the cell, fuses with the cell
membrane, and empties genes into host cell. Spike protein binds to ACE2 receptors (found on
cells in lungs and capillaries). Spike protein must be modified by TMPRSS2 (enzyme in host
membrane) to fuse with host cell
Explain the role of the spike protein in initiating infection - CORRECT ANSWER - - The
spike protein has the correct shape to bind with the receptor on the cell
- Spike protein binds with with ACE2 receptor
- Spike protein must be modified with TMPRSS2 to fuse with host cell (TMPRSS2 is found near
the receptors)
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Describe the likely response of Andean hummingbirds to climate change - CORRECT
ANSWER - As the temperatures warm the low altitude hummingbirds will have a higher
survival rate than the high altitude hummingbirds
Predict which species of Andean hummingbirds have a higher/lower probability ofsurviving
climate change - CORRECT ANSWER - - Low altitude birds living at low altitudes will
have the highest chance of survival
- Low altitude birds living at intermediate altitude will have a lower probability of survival
- High altitude birds living at high altitudes will have the lowest chance of survival
Explain why Dr. Schul is studying katydids, even though he doesn't care about katydids -
CORRECT ANSWER - Katydids are a great system to study bigger and more important
questions
Explain why we are still talking about geese - CORRECT ANSWER - they provide a
platform for us to learn about many biological processes
Identify content and questions from our 'high altitude breathing unit' that correspond to different
levels of biological organization - CORRECT ANSWER - - Molecular: Hb, Hb- O2
dissociation curve, protein folding
- Cellular: transcription/ translation, mutations, gene families, gene expression
- Organismal: fetal development, Hb-O2 binding, bird/ animal respiratory system
- Ecological: climate change impacts, Mt Everest atmosphere
- Environmental: convergent evolution, high altitude Hb evolution, speciation, phylogenetic trees
Structure of viruses - CORRECT ANSWER - - protein coat (capsid)
- Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
- Some have an outer membrane called the envelope
, How are viruses categorized - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Shape and size
2. Type of genetic material (DNA or RNA)
3. Presence of envelope (yes or no)
steps of viral reproduction - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Attach to surface of cell, often by a
receptor
2. Enter cell or inject genome into cell
3. The viral gene directs the cell to produce viral proteins
4. Viral proteins are assembled
5. New viral proteins leave the cell and go infect other cells
Features of Corona viruses - CORRECT ANSWER - - Spherical shape
- Has an envelope
- Positive sense RNA
Describe two pathways by which SARS-CoV-2 enters cells - CORRECT ANSWER -
Endocytotic pathway: virus taken into endosome (membrane bound vesicle); virus fuses with the
endosome membrane and empties genome into host. Cathepsin (enzyme) modifies spike proteins
to allow fusion with membrane
Receptor- mediated fusion: virus binds to a receptor on the surface of the cell, fuses with the cell
membrane, and empties genes into host cell. Spike protein binds to ACE2 receptors (found on
cells in lungs and capillaries). Spike protein must be modified by TMPRSS2 (enzyme in host
membrane) to fuse with host cell
Explain the role of the spike protein in initiating infection - CORRECT ANSWER - - The
spike protein has the correct shape to bind with the receptor on the cell
- Spike protein binds with with ACE2 receptor
- Spike protein must be modified with TMPRSS2 to fuse with host cell (TMPRSS2 is found near
the receptors)
