NSER 7410 - Module 2 Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025 Graded A+
State 4 considerations when utilizing spinal immobilization techniques - Answers Increase risk of
aspiration
Increased risk of skin breakdown associated with SMR interventions (e.g. hard collars/long rigid spine
board)
Body straps used in the pre-hospital setting have been shown to hinder pulmonary function.
Can also cause claustrophobia, agitation, and anxiety.
State the 3 "high risk factors" that mandate immobilization in the Canadian C-spine rule - Answers Age
>65
Numbness or tingling in extremities
Dangerous Mechanism
- Fall from elevation >3 feet or 5 stairs,
- Axial load to the head,
- MVA at speed >100km/hr.
- Rollover or passenger ejection
- Bicycle rider struck or collision
Describe the "low risk factors" that allow for safe assessment of range of motion, in the Canadian C-
Spine Rule - Answers Simple rear-end collision
Patient sitting in the ED
Ambulatory at any time
Delayed onset of neck pain
Absence of midline tenderness of C-Spine
, Describe the process of the Canadian C-Spine rule - Answers Was the mechanism high risk? if yes =
Immobilize. If no, continue rule.
Any low risk factors that can rule out c-spine injury (midline tenderness, ambulatory?). If No =
Immobilize. If yes, continue rule
Is patient able to actively rotate neck 45deg left and right, regardless of pain? If no = Immobilize
Types and classifications of SCI - Answers
Define a primary spinal cord injury - Answers Mechanical disruption to the cord that occurs at the time
of injury
Define a secondary spinal cord injury - Answers Progressive pathological response that occurs several
hours to days after the initial injury.
Several factors, including hypoxia and hypoperfusion, are responsible for causing or exacerbating
secondary SCI
Outline airway management in spinal cord injury - Answers Neck and trunk must not be flexed,
extended, or rotated
C-spine immobilization must be maintained with a chin lift, jaw thrust, and manual immobilization of the
neck
When is succinylcholine contraindicated in spinal cord injury and why? - Answers Depolarizing agent.
Contraindicated after 48-72hours after spinal cord injury
Cell membrane instability occurs late in spinal cord injury. Succinylcholine may worsen hyperkalemic
state and cause hyperkalemic arrest
Describe why a spinal cord injury patient is at risk of bradycardia, and the causes and treatment -
Answers Certain actions (Intubation, oral airways, suctioning, change in body position) causing vagal
response and profound bradycardia
Impaired sympathetic response, therefore patient cannot compensate
State 4 considerations when utilizing spinal immobilization techniques - Answers Increase risk of
aspiration
Increased risk of skin breakdown associated with SMR interventions (e.g. hard collars/long rigid spine
board)
Body straps used in the pre-hospital setting have been shown to hinder pulmonary function.
Can also cause claustrophobia, agitation, and anxiety.
State the 3 "high risk factors" that mandate immobilization in the Canadian C-spine rule - Answers Age
>65
Numbness or tingling in extremities
Dangerous Mechanism
- Fall from elevation >3 feet or 5 stairs,
- Axial load to the head,
- MVA at speed >100km/hr.
- Rollover or passenger ejection
- Bicycle rider struck or collision
Describe the "low risk factors" that allow for safe assessment of range of motion, in the Canadian C-
Spine Rule - Answers Simple rear-end collision
Patient sitting in the ED
Ambulatory at any time
Delayed onset of neck pain
Absence of midline tenderness of C-Spine
, Describe the process of the Canadian C-Spine rule - Answers Was the mechanism high risk? if yes =
Immobilize. If no, continue rule.
Any low risk factors that can rule out c-spine injury (midline tenderness, ambulatory?). If No =
Immobilize. If yes, continue rule
Is patient able to actively rotate neck 45deg left and right, regardless of pain? If no = Immobilize
Types and classifications of SCI - Answers
Define a primary spinal cord injury - Answers Mechanical disruption to the cord that occurs at the time
of injury
Define a secondary spinal cord injury - Answers Progressive pathological response that occurs several
hours to days after the initial injury.
Several factors, including hypoxia and hypoperfusion, are responsible for causing or exacerbating
secondary SCI
Outline airway management in spinal cord injury - Answers Neck and trunk must not be flexed,
extended, or rotated
C-spine immobilization must be maintained with a chin lift, jaw thrust, and manual immobilization of the
neck
When is succinylcholine contraindicated in spinal cord injury and why? - Answers Depolarizing agent.
Contraindicated after 48-72hours after spinal cord injury
Cell membrane instability occurs late in spinal cord injury. Succinylcholine may worsen hyperkalemic
state and cause hyperkalemic arrest
Describe why a spinal cord injury patient is at risk of bradycardia, and the causes and treatment -
Answers Certain actions (Intubation, oral airways, suctioning, change in body position) causing vagal
response and profound bradycardia
Impaired sympathetic response, therefore patient cannot compensate
