Pharm Tox Exam 2 UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
what are some examples of Histamine2 Receptor Antagonist and what are they used for -
CORRECT ANSWER - Cimetidine (tagamet), Ranitidine(Zantac), Famotidine (pepcid),
Nizatidine (axid); used to treat gastric acid disorders and peptic ulcer disease. ZAP T
what is a risk associated with Histamine2 blockers - CORRECT ANSWER - gynecomastia
what are two examples of proton pump inhibitors and what are they used for - CORRECT
ANSWER - Omeprazole(Prilosec), Lansoprazole (prevacid); used to treat an increase in
stomach acid to help treat ulcers
What is the MOA of antacids - CORRECT ANSWER - increasing the pH, or reversibly
reduce or block the secretion of acid by gastric cells to reduce acidity in the stomach
what are some examples of Antacids - CORRECT ANSWER - Milk of Magnesia,
amphogel, Calcium Carbonate (tums), Gaviscon
What are some of of the clinical indications for antacids - CORRECT ANSWER -
Antacids are taken by mouth to relieve heartburn, the major symptom of gastroesophageal reflux
disease, or acid indigestion.
what are the side effects of antacids - CORRECT ANSWER - Those who experience side
effects most commonly suffer from changes in bowel functions, such as diarrhea, constipation, or
flatulence. In rare cases people can suffer from kidney issues
What are some common Laxative stimulants and what is there MOA - CORRECT
ANSWER - Phenolphthalein (exlax) - Stimulates bowl by increasing peristaltic
movements
, what is the MOA of a Laxative irritant - CORRECT ANSWER - they will cause fluid to
remain in the bowl; an example is Castor Oil
what is a common side effect of laxative abuse - CORRECT ANSWER - nutrient
deficiency d/t that fact that the pt is speeding up peristalsis before the nutrients have the time to
absorb
what is an example of a stool softener and what is the MOA - CORRECT ANSWER -
Docusate (Colace) and mineral oil;
Act as a surfactant, enabling additional water and fats to be incorporated in the stool, making it
easier to move.
what are some examples of bulk laxatives and what is the MOA - CORRECT ANSWER -
Psyllium (metamucil, fiberall, perdiem) and Methylcellulose (Citrucel); A bulk-forming agent is
a substance, such as fiber in food, that adds bulk and water to stools so that they can pass more
easily through the intestines
what are some common saline laxatives and what is their MOA - CORRECT ANSWER -
Magnesium Sulfate (Epsom Salts), Magnesium Citrate, Sodium Phosphate (Fleet enema); Saline
laxatives attract and retain water in the intestinal lumen, thus softening the stool. They also cause
the release of cholecystokinin, which stimulates the digestion of fat and protein. Saline laxatives
may alter a patient's fluid and electrolyte balance
what are some common antidiarrheals - CORRECT ANSWER - Bismuth (pepto), Kaolin
(kaopectate), Loperamide (imodium-AD), Lactobacillus
what is the MOA of antidiarreals - CORRECT ANSWER - Pepto- binds to toxins to stop
there action and also will coat the bowl; Kaolin- absorbs adds bulk to bowl "flour in the gravy";
Imodium AD- increases churring time in the stomach will slow down the digestive process
What are the two Rx types of antidiarrheals and what is the MOA - CORRECT
ANSWER - Diphenoxylate (lomotil), Parepectolin (Paregoric); these are both narcotics
and will slow down the peristaltic movements of the bowl
Questions and CORRECT Answers
what are some examples of Histamine2 Receptor Antagonist and what are they used for -
CORRECT ANSWER - Cimetidine (tagamet), Ranitidine(Zantac), Famotidine (pepcid),
Nizatidine (axid); used to treat gastric acid disorders and peptic ulcer disease. ZAP T
what is a risk associated with Histamine2 blockers - CORRECT ANSWER - gynecomastia
what are two examples of proton pump inhibitors and what are they used for - CORRECT
ANSWER - Omeprazole(Prilosec), Lansoprazole (prevacid); used to treat an increase in
stomach acid to help treat ulcers
What is the MOA of antacids - CORRECT ANSWER - increasing the pH, or reversibly
reduce or block the secretion of acid by gastric cells to reduce acidity in the stomach
what are some examples of Antacids - CORRECT ANSWER - Milk of Magnesia,
amphogel, Calcium Carbonate (tums), Gaviscon
What are some of of the clinical indications for antacids - CORRECT ANSWER -
Antacids are taken by mouth to relieve heartburn, the major symptom of gastroesophageal reflux
disease, or acid indigestion.
what are the side effects of antacids - CORRECT ANSWER - Those who experience side
effects most commonly suffer from changes in bowel functions, such as diarrhea, constipation, or
flatulence. In rare cases people can suffer from kidney issues
What are some common Laxative stimulants and what is there MOA - CORRECT
ANSWER - Phenolphthalein (exlax) - Stimulates bowl by increasing peristaltic
movements
, what is the MOA of a Laxative irritant - CORRECT ANSWER - they will cause fluid to
remain in the bowl; an example is Castor Oil
what is a common side effect of laxative abuse - CORRECT ANSWER - nutrient
deficiency d/t that fact that the pt is speeding up peristalsis before the nutrients have the time to
absorb
what is an example of a stool softener and what is the MOA - CORRECT ANSWER -
Docusate (Colace) and mineral oil;
Act as a surfactant, enabling additional water and fats to be incorporated in the stool, making it
easier to move.
what are some examples of bulk laxatives and what is the MOA - CORRECT ANSWER -
Psyllium (metamucil, fiberall, perdiem) and Methylcellulose (Citrucel); A bulk-forming agent is
a substance, such as fiber in food, that adds bulk and water to stools so that they can pass more
easily through the intestines
what are some common saline laxatives and what is their MOA - CORRECT ANSWER -
Magnesium Sulfate (Epsom Salts), Magnesium Citrate, Sodium Phosphate (Fleet enema); Saline
laxatives attract and retain water in the intestinal lumen, thus softening the stool. They also cause
the release of cholecystokinin, which stimulates the digestion of fat and protein. Saline laxatives
may alter a patient's fluid and electrolyte balance
what are some common antidiarrheals - CORRECT ANSWER - Bismuth (pepto), Kaolin
(kaopectate), Loperamide (imodium-AD), Lactobacillus
what is the MOA of antidiarreals - CORRECT ANSWER - Pepto- binds to toxins to stop
there action and also will coat the bowl; Kaolin- absorbs adds bulk to bowl "flour in the gravy";
Imodium AD- increases churring time in the stomach will slow down the digestive process
What are the two Rx types of antidiarrheals and what is the MOA - CORRECT
ANSWER - Diphenoxylate (lomotil), Parepectolin (Paregoric); these are both narcotics
and will slow down the peristaltic movements of the bowl
