Pharm Tox Exam 3 REVISED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Describe the sequence of neurotransmission for the reflex action - CORRECT ANSWER -
sensory signals -> motor signals -> muscle signals
What is an oligodendrocyte? - CORRECT ANSWER - A cell in the CNS that produces a
segment of myelin sheath. Each oligodendrocyte produces myelin for several adjacent axons
What is a Schwann cell? - CORRECT ANSWER - PERIPHERAL cells that provide
myelin sheath
What is an astrocyte? - CORRECT ANSWER - forms blood brain barrier and synaptic
junctions
describe multiple sclerosis - CORRECT ANSWER - an autoimmune disease where the
body attacks the myelin sheath
describe ALS - CORRECT ANSWER - neurogenerative disease in which the motor
neurons slowly degenerate
What neuro cell supports synaptic signaling at synapses and the BBB? - CORRECT
ANSWER - astrocytes
the cell body gives rise to a single ______ - CORRECT ANSWER - axon
what are the 2 central synapse types? - CORRECT ANSWER - excitatory
inhibitory
what is the main neurotransmitter of excitatory cells? - CORRECT ANSWER - glutamate
,what is the neurotransmitter of inhibitory cells? - CORRECT ANSWER - GABA
what is a synapse? - CORRECT ANSWER - the junction between 2 neurons
what technique was revolutionary in the measurement of synaptic transmission? - CORRECT
ANSWER - the patch clamp technique
what types of recording can be done by the patch-clamp method? - CORRECT
ANSWER - -cell attached recording
-inside out recording
-outside out recording
-whole cell recording
how do we generate action potentials in the lab? - CORRECT ANSWER - inject current
how is cell communication achieved? - CORRECT ANSWER - neurotransmitters and ion
channels
3 examples of amino acid neurotransmitters - CORRECT ANSWER - -GABA
-Glutamate
-Glycine
how to tell if a neurotransmitter is an amine? - CORRECT ANSWER - ends in -in or -ine
What are the required classifications of neurotransmitters? - CORRECT ANSWER --
synthesized in presynaptic neuron
-present in presynaptic terminal, released in amounts sufficient to exert a defined action on the
postsynaptic neuron or effector organ
, -activates the same ion channel or second messenger pathway
-a specific mechanism usually exists for removing the substance from the synaptic cleft
what is the primary route for ions to cross membranes? - CORRECT ANSWER - ion
channels
what are the 2 types of synapses? - CORRECT ANSWER - -electrical
-chemical
how are electrical synapses mediated? - CORRECT ANSWER - gap junctions
presynaptic changes affect quantal _____, while postsynaptic changes affect quantal ________ -
CORRECT ANSWER - content
size
what determines synaptic potentials? - CORRECT ANSWER - the types of ion channels
gated by the postsynaptic cell
what causes EPSP's? - CORRECT ANSWER - synaptic activation of Ach and glutamate
gated channels
how can we determine the identity the ions/permeability of gated channels? - CORRECT
ANSWER - clamping the cell and determining the reversal potential
what is the major excitatory NT in the CNS? - CORRECT ANSWER - glutamate
what receptors are ionotropic glutamate receptors? - CORRECT ANSWER - -non-NMDA:
AMPA and Kainate
-NMDA
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Describe the sequence of neurotransmission for the reflex action - CORRECT ANSWER -
sensory signals -> motor signals -> muscle signals
What is an oligodendrocyte? - CORRECT ANSWER - A cell in the CNS that produces a
segment of myelin sheath. Each oligodendrocyte produces myelin for several adjacent axons
What is a Schwann cell? - CORRECT ANSWER - PERIPHERAL cells that provide
myelin sheath
What is an astrocyte? - CORRECT ANSWER - forms blood brain barrier and synaptic
junctions
describe multiple sclerosis - CORRECT ANSWER - an autoimmune disease where the
body attacks the myelin sheath
describe ALS - CORRECT ANSWER - neurogenerative disease in which the motor
neurons slowly degenerate
What neuro cell supports synaptic signaling at synapses and the BBB? - CORRECT
ANSWER - astrocytes
the cell body gives rise to a single ______ - CORRECT ANSWER - axon
what are the 2 central synapse types? - CORRECT ANSWER - excitatory
inhibitory
what is the main neurotransmitter of excitatory cells? - CORRECT ANSWER - glutamate
,what is the neurotransmitter of inhibitory cells? - CORRECT ANSWER - GABA
what is a synapse? - CORRECT ANSWER - the junction between 2 neurons
what technique was revolutionary in the measurement of synaptic transmission? - CORRECT
ANSWER - the patch clamp technique
what types of recording can be done by the patch-clamp method? - CORRECT
ANSWER - -cell attached recording
-inside out recording
-outside out recording
-whole cell recording
how do we generate action potentials in the lab? - CORRECT ANSWER - inject current
how is cell communication achieved? - CORRECT ANSWER - neurotransmitters and ion
channels
3 examples of amino acid neurotransmitters - CORRECT ANSWER - -GABA
-Glutamate
-Glycine
how to tell if a neurotransmitter is an amine? - CORRECT ANSWER - ends in -in or -ine
What are the required classifications of neurotransmitters? - CORRECT ANSWER --
synthesized in presynaptic neuron
-present in presynaptic terminal, released in amounts sufficient to exert a defined action on the
postsynaptic neuron or effector organ
, -activates the same ion channel or second messenger pathway
-a specific mechanism usually exists for removing the substance from the synaptic cleft
what is the primary route for ions to cross membranes? - CORRECT ANSWER - ion
channels
what are the 2 types of synapses? - CORRECT ANSWER - -electrical
-chemical
how are electrical synapses mediated? - CORRECT ANSWER - gap junctions
presynaptic changes affect quantal _____, while postsynaptic changes affect quantal ________ -
CORRECT ANSWER - content
size
what determines synaptic potentials? - CORRECT ANSWER - the types of ion channels
gated by the postsynaptic cell
what causes EPSP's? - CORRECT ANSWER - synaptic activation of Ach and glutamate
gated channels
how can we determine the identity the ions/permeability of gated channels? - CORRECT
ANSWER - clamping the cell and determining the reversal potential
what is the major excitatory NT in the CNS? - CORRECT ANSWER - glutamate
what receptors are ionotropic glutamate receptors? - CORRECT ANSWER - -non-NMDA:
AMPA and Kainate
-NMDA
