Pharm Tox Exam 4 UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
What drug is not used often but was historically used as "knockout drops" and produces a
"Mickey Finn"? - CORRECT ANSWER - Chloral hydrate
What drug targets melatonin for combating insomnia? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Ramelteon
What hypnotic is offered over the counter and targets histamine receptors? (2 answers) -
CORRECT ANSWER - Diphenhydramine, Doxylamine
Suvorexant is a new and emerging hypnotic. What receptor does it bind to and how does it act? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Orexin 1 and Orexin 2 Inhibitors
Name preferred qualities of a hypnotic. (4 answers) - CORRECT ANSWER - allow sleep
to occur, no next-day effects (rebound anxiety or continued sedation), no interactions, could be
used chronically without dependence
What is the most commonly used IV anesthetic? - CORRECT ANSWER - propofol
Thiopental is a _______________. - CORRECT ANSWER - barbiturate
What IV anesthetic inhibits NMDARs and can lead to hallucinations or out-of-body experiences?
- CORRECT ANSWER - ketamine
When looking at inhaled anesthetics, what is a useful indicator of solubility? - CORRECT
ANSWER - blood:gas partition coefficient
,What is the mechanism of action of general anesthetics? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Unknown (combo of agonist action at inhibitory synapses and diminished excitation at excitatory
synapses)
Name 3 types of opiate receptors. - CORRECT ANSWER - Mu, Delta, Kappa
What is the natural agonist of the mu receptors? - CORRECT ANSWER - opium/morphine
What are the two most common opiate antagonists? - CORRECT ANSWER - naloxone,
naltrexone
What class of receptors are opiate receptors? - CORRECT ANSWER - GPCRs
What 2 mechanisms lead to depression of synaptic signaling? - CORRECT ANSWER -
inhibition of pre-synaptic calcium channels, potentiation of post-synaptic potassium channels
Name 6 factors that can affect blood ethanol concentration. - CORRECT ANSWER - rate
of drinking, gender, weight, water percentage, stomach emptying, metabolism
What enzyme does Fomepizole target and is important for ethanol and methanol metabolism? -
CORRECT ANSWER - alcohol dehydrogenase
A buildup of NAD+ can lead to what physiological effect? - CORRECT ANSWER - lactic
acidosis
Ethanol can be used to treat what? - CORRECT ANSWER - methanol poisoning
Chronic consumption of ethanol can lead to what syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
, Binding to what cannabinoid receptor subtypes can lead to the psychoactive response associated
with THC? - CORRECT ANSWER - CB1
What receptor does Psilocybin act at? - CORRECT ANSWER - 5HT2B
Psilocybin has been shown to be efficacious in treating what? (name 3) - CORRECT
ANSWER - depression, addiction, end of life distress
Looking at the synapse, endogenous cannabinoids signal in what unique way? - CORRECT
ANSWER - retrograde (release post-synaptically and act pre-synaptically)
What FDA-approved cannabinoid is used for Dravet Syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome?
- CORRECT ANSWER - CBD (cannabidiol)
Name the two classes of hormone receptors based on their sites of action. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Nuclear, Membrane
What molecule is pharmacologically mimicked and inhibits growth hormone release? -
CORRECT ANSWER - somatostatin
Hypothalamic neurons synthesize and release what? (2) - CORRECT ANSWER -
vasopressin, oxytocin
What cell type releases prolactin? - CORRECT ANSWER - lactotropes
What is known as the master gland? - CORRECT ANSWER - pituitary gland
Prolactin release is inhibited by what? - CORRECT ANSWER - Dopamine
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
What drug is not used often but was historically used as "knockout drops" and produces a
"Mickey Finn"? - CORRECT ANSWER - Chloral hydrate
What drug targets melatonin for combating insomnia? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Ramelteon
What hypnotic is offered over the counter and targets histamine receptors? (2 answers) -
CORRECT ANSWER - Diphenhydramine, Doxylamine
Suvorexant is a new and emerging hypnotic. What receptor does it bind to and how does it act? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Orexin 1 and Orexin 2 Inhibitors
Name preferred qualities of a hypnotic. (4 answers) - CORRECT ANSWER - allow sleep
to occur, no next-day effects (rebound anxiety or continued sedation), no interactions, could be
used chronically without dependence
What is the most commonly used IV anesthetic? - CORRECT ANSWER - propofol
Thiopental is a _______________. - CORRECT ANSWER - barbiturate
What IV anesthetic inhibits NMDARs and can lead to hallucinations or out-of-body experiences?
- CORRECT ANSWER - ketamine
When looking at inhaled anesthetics, what is a useful indicator of solubility? - CORRECT
ANSWER - blood:gas partition coefficient
,What is the mechanism of action of general anesthetics? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Unknown (combo of agonist action at inhibitory synapses and diminished excitation at excitatory
synapses)
Name 3 types of opiate receptors. - CORRECT ANSWER - Mu, Delta, Kappa
What is the natural agonist of the mu receptors? - CORRECT ANSWER - opium/morphine
What are the two most common opiate antagonists? - CORRECT ANSWER - naloxone,
naltrexone
What class of receptors are opiate receptors? - CORRECT ANSWER - GPCRs
What 2 mechanisms lead to depression of synaptic signaling? - CORRECT ANSWER -
inhibition of pre-synaptic calcium channels, potentiation of post-synaptic potassium channels
Name 6 factors that can affect blood ethanol concentration. - CORRECT ANSWER - rate
of drinking, gender, weight, water percentage, stomach emptying, metabolism
What enzyme does Fomepizole target and is important for ethanol and methanol metabolism? -
CORRECT ANSWER - alcohol dehydrogenase
A buildup of NAD+ can lead to what physiological effect? - CORRECT ANSWER - lactic
acidosis
Ethanol can be used to treat what? - CORRECT ANSWER - methanol poisoning
Chronic consumption of ethanol can lead to what syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
, Binding to what cannabinoid receptor subtypes can lead to the psychoactive response associated
with THC? - CORRECT ANSWER - CB1
What receptor does Psilocybin act at? - CORRECT ANSWER - 5HT2B
Psilocybin has been shown to be efficacious in treating what? (name 3) - CORRECT
ANSWER - depression, addiction, end of life distress
Looking at the synapse, endogenous cannabinoids signal in what unique way? - CORRECT
ANSWER - retrograde (release post-synaptically and act pre-synaptically)
What FDA-approved cannabinoid is used for Dravet Syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome?
- CORRECT ANSWER - CBD (cannabidiol)
Name the two classes of hormone receptors based on their sites of action. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Nuclear, Membrane
What molecule is pharmacologically mimicked and inhibits growth hormone release? -
CORRECT ANSWER - somatostatin
Hypothalamic neurons synthesize and release what? (2) - CORRECT ANSWER -
vasopressin, oxytocin
What cell type releases prolactin? - CORRECT ANSWER - lactotropes
What is known as the master gland? - CORRECT ANSWER - pituitary gland
Prolactin release is inhibited by what? - CORRECT ANSWER - Dopamine
