Human Biology Unit 3 and 4 WACE ATAR
Exam Questions and Answers
Oxytocin, ADH - Correct Answers -Hypothalamus hormones
Gonadotropins (FSH, LH) Growth hormone THS ACTH Prolactin - Correct Answers -
Anterior pituitary (releasing and inhibiting factors)
Oxytocin and ADH - Correct Answers -Posterior pituitary
Melatonin - Correct Answers -Pineal gland
Thyroxine - Correct Answers -Thyroid gland
Thymosins - Correct Answers -Thymus gland
ERV 1 - Correct Answers -ERV attacks host cell
ERV 2 - Correct Answers -ERV inserts RNA into cell
ERV 3 - Correct Answers -The ERV RNA is reverse transcribed and using reverse
transcriptase and free floating nucleotides
ERV 4 - Correct Answers -The ERV randomly inserts into one of the 50 000 000
possible sites in the host DNA cell
ERV 5 - Correct Answers -If the ERV infected a gamete producing cell, it could get
passed on to the next generation
Parathyroid hormone - Correct Answers -Parathyroid glands
Adrenaline, noradrenaline - Correct Answers -Adrenal medulla
Costicorteroids, aldosterone - Correct Answers -Adrenal cortex
Insulin and glucagon - Correct Answers -Pancreas
A DNA sample is obtained - Correct Answers -DNA Profiling stage 1 A
Cells are broken down to release DNA - Correct Answers -DNA Profiling stage 1 B
,If only a small amount of DNA is available it can be amplified using the polymerase
chain reaction - Correct Answers -DNA Profiling stage 1 C
ANNEALING
- temp lowered to 50-56 degrees
- Primer (single strand of DNA)
-DNA strand binds to the complementary base sequences on primer
-The DNA is annealed to the primer
-This initiates the replication of DNA - Correct Answers -PCR Step 2
ELONGATION
-Taq polymerase binds to the primer at 72 degrees
-DNA polymerase synthesises a new DNA strand in a sequential manner
- The added nucleotides are complementary to the template strand
-Segments of single stranded are replicated - Correct Answers -PCR Step 3
DENATURING
- Heat double stranded DNA to 94-95
-Disruption of hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs
-separartion of the strands of DNA - Correct Answers -PCR Step 1
The recombinant DNA is inserted into bacterium where it is cloned/reproduces to
produce large amounts of the genes - Correct Answers -Recombinant DNA Step 5
DNA Ligase is then used to join the sticky ends of the plasmid and the isolated gene
together - Correct Answers -Recombinant DNA Step 4
A plasmid (circular strand of DNA) is removed from the bacterium and cut with the same
restriction enzyme to create complementary sticky ends - Correct Answers -
Recombinant DNA Step 3
The enzyme cuts the DNA at either end of the gene with a blunt end or staggered end
cut. With a staggered end cut, some of the nucleotides overhang at the break to
produce "sticky ends" - Correct Answers -Recombinant DNA Step 2
Primers are added to attach to each STR - Correct Answers -DNA Profiling Stage 2 A
DNA cut into fragments using restriction enzymes - Correct Answers -DNA Profiling
Stage 2 B
Each restriction enzyme cuts DNA at a specific base sequence called a recognition site
where primers attatch - Correct Answers -DNA Profiling Stage 2 C
The sections of DNA that are cut are called restriction fragments. This yields thousands
of restriction fragments of all different sizes because the base sequences being cut may
, be far apart (long fragment) or close together (short fragment) - Correct Answers -DNA
Profiling Stage 2 D
The desired gene is isolated by cutting it at a recognition site with restriction enzyme -
Correct Answers -Step 1 Recombinant DNA
Fragments are separated by size - Correct Answers -DNA Profiling Stage 3 A
DNA fragments are injected into wells and an electrical current is applied along the
agarose gel, at the negative end of the tray - Correct Answers -DNA Profiling Stage 3 B
Electric current is passed through the gel/voltage is applied - Correct Answers -DNA
Profiling Stage 3 C
DNA is negatively charged so it is attracted to the annoys end of the tray/positive end of
the gel - Correct Answers -DNA Profiling Stage 3 D
The shorter DNA fragments move through the gel faster than the longer fragments. -
Correct Answers -DNA Profiling Stage 3 E
The pattern of fragment is analysed - Correct Answers -DNA Profiling stage 4
DNA is separated on the basis of size - Correct Answers -DNA Profiling stage 3 F
A radioactive substance or material is added to produce a flourescent image - Correct
Answers -DNA Profiling stage 3 G
As smaller segments move farther than large sections, visible bands form representing
different sized fragments of DNA - Correct Answers -DNA Profiling stage 3 H
A photographic copy of the DNA bands is obtained thus representing the DNA
Fingerprint - Correct Answers -DNA Profiling stage 3 I
Passive natural immunity - Correct Answers -Antibodies enter the bloodstream across
the placenta or in breast milk
Passive artificial immunity - Correct Answers -Antibodies are injected into the
bloodstream
Active natural immunity - Correct Answers -ability to manufacture antibodies results
from an attack of the disease
active artificial immunity - Correct Answers -Ability to manufacture antibodies results
from being given an antigen by vaccination.
Exam Questions and Answers
Oxytocin, ADH - Correct Answers -Hypothalamus hormones
Gonadotropins (FSH, LH) Growth hormone THS ACTH Prolactin - Correct Answers -
Anterior pituitary (releasing and inhibiting factors)
Oxytocin and ADH - Correct Answers -Posterior pituitary
Melatonin - Correct Answers -Pineal gland
Thyroxine - Correct Answers -Thyroid gland
Thymosins - Correct Answers -Thymus gland
ERV 1 - Correct Answers -ERV attacks host cell
ERV 2 - Correct Answers -ERV inserts RNA into cell
ERV 3 - Correct Answers -The ERV RNA is reverse transcribed and using reverse
transcriptase and free floating nucleotides
ERV 4 - Correct Answers -The ERV randomly inserts into one of the 50 000 000
possible sites in the host DNA cell
ERV 5 - Correct Answers -If the ERV infected a gamete producing cell, it could get
passed on to the next generation
Parathyroid hormone - Correct Answers -Parathyroid glands
Adrenaline, noradrenaline - Correct Answers -Adrenal medulla
Costicorteroids, aldosterone - Correct Answers -Adrenal cortex
Insulin and glucagon - Correct Answers -Pancreas
A DNA sample is obtained - Correct Answers -DNA Profiling stage 1 A
Cells are broken down to release DNA - Correct Answers -DNA Profiling stage 1 B
,If only a small amount of DNA is available it can be amplified using the polymerase
chain reaction - Correct Answers -DNA Profiling stage 1 C
ANNEALING
- temp lowered to 50-56 degrees
- Primer (single strand of DNA)
-DNA strand binds to the complementary base sequences on primer
-The DNA is annealed to the primer
-This initiates the replication of DNA - Correct Answers -PCR Step 2
ELONGATION
-Taq polymerase binds to the primer at 72 degrees
-DNA polymerase synthesises a new DNA strand in a sequential manner
- The added nucleotides are complementary to the template strand
-Segments of single stranded are replicated - Correct Answers -PCR Step 3
DENATURING
- Heat double stranded DNA to 94-95
-Disruption of hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs
-separartion of the strands of DNA - Correct Answers -PCR Step 1
The recombinant DNA is inserted into bacterium where it is cloned/reproduces to
produce large amounts of the genes - Correct Answers -Recombinant DNA Step 5
DNA Ligase is then used to join the sticky ends of the plasmid and the isolated gene
together - Correct Answers -Recombinant DNA Step 4
A plasmid (circular strand of DNA) is removed from the bacterium and cut with the same
restriction enzyme to create complementary sticky ends - Correct Answers -
Recombinant DNA Step 3
The enzyme cuts the DNA at either end of the gene with a blunt end or staggered end
cut. With a staggered end cut, some of the nucleotides overhang at the break to
produce "sticky ends" - Correct Answers -Recombinant DNA Step 2
Primers are added to attach to each STR - Correct Answers -DNA Profiling Stage 2 A
DNA cut into fragments using restriction enzymes - Correct Answers -DNA Profiling
Stage 2 B
Each restriction enzyme cuts DNA at a specific base sequence called a recognition site
where primers attatch - Correct Answers -DNA Profiling Stage 2 C
The sections of DNA that are cut are called restriction fragments. This yields thousands
of restriction fragments of all different sizes because the base sequences being cut may
, be far apart (long fragment) or close together (short fragment) - Correct Answers -DNA
Profiling Stage 2 D
The desired gene is isolated by cutting it at a recognition site with restriction enzyme -
Correct Answers -Step 1 Recombinant DNA
Fragments are separated by size - Correct Answers -DNA Profiling Stage 3 A
DNA fragments are injected into wells and an electrical current is applied along the
agarose gel, at the negative end of the tray - Correct Answers -DNA Profiling Stage 3 B
Electric current is passed through the gel/voltage is applied - Correct Answers -DNA
Profiling Stage 3 C
DNA is negatively charged so it is attracted to the annoys end of the tray/positive end of
the gel - Correct Answers -DNA Profiling Stage 3 D
The shorter DNA fragments move through the gel faster than the longer fragments. -
Correct Answers -DNA Profiling Stage 3 E
The pattern of fragment is analysed - Correct Answers -DNA Profiling stage 4
DNA is separated on the basis of size - Correct Answers -DNA Profiling stage 3 F
A radioactive substance or material is added to produce a flourescent image - Correct
Answers -DNA Profiling stage 3 G
As smaller segments move farther than large sections, visible bands form representing
different sized fragments of DNA - Correct Answers -DNA Profiling stage 3 H
A photographic copy of the DNA bands is obtained thus representing the DNA
Fingerprint - Correct Answers -DNA Profiling stage 3 I
Passive natural immunity - Correct Answers -Antibodies enter the bloodstream across
the placenta or in breast milk
Passive artificial immunity - Correct Answers -Antibodies are injected into the
bloodstream
Active natural immunity - Correct Answers -ability to manufacture antibodies results
from an attack of the disease
active artificial immunity - Correct Answers -Ability to manufacture antibodies results
from being given an antigen by vaccination.
