Human Biology ATAR - Chapter 2 Exam
with Verified Answers
define cell - Correct Answers -the smallest functioning unit of life within the body
define tissue - Correct Answers -group of cells that are similar in structure and function
define organ - Correct Answers -two or more tissue types working together to perform a
function
define body system - Correct Answers -two or more organs working together to carry
out a general function
identify the levels of organization within the body - Correct Answers -cells, tissues,
organs, body systems, organisms
define cell membrane (plasma membrane) and describe it's location and function in the
cell - Correct Answers -a membrane that forms the external boundary of a cell, located
at the latter, whose functions are being a physical barrier (separates inside from
outside), regulation (movement of substances in and out), sensitivity (change in
surroundings) and support (anchors cytoskeleton; other cells)
define cytoplasm and describe it's location and function in the cell - Correct Answers -
the contents of a cell, excluding the nucleus, located within the cell membrane, whose
function is to fill the space within a cell
define cytosol and describe it's location and function in the cell - Correct Answers -the
liquid part of the cytoplasm, located within the cell membrane, whose function is to hold
the organelles together
define endoplasmic reticulum and describe it's location and function in the cell - Correct
Answers -a network of membranes forming channels, located through the cytoplasm,
whose function is to be a site of protein synthesis and store and transport materials
through the cell
define ribosomes and describe it's location and function in the cell - Correct Answers -
the site of protein synthesis, located freely within the cytoplasm or on the surface of
rough endoplasmic reticulum, whose function is to make proteins by joining together
amino acids
, Describe pinocytosis - Correct Answers -a type of endocytosis where the particles taken
into the cell are liquid
give the formula used to calculate the SA/Vol ratio for a given cell - Correct Answers -
(width x length x 6; number of faces of a cube) : (length x width x height)
explain how a cell's size and shape can affect the rate of processes like diffusion -
Correct Answers -diffusion will occur more effectively if a cell has a large surface area in
relation to its volume. (e.g. long thin cells, broad flat cells and tiny cells are more
effective at diffusion that larger cells)
describe how concentration gradients can affect the rate of diffusion - Correct Answers -
the bigger the difference in concentration, the faster diffusion occurs
define cytoskeleton and describe it's location and function in the cell - Correct Answers -
an internal scaffolding of protein fibres, located within the cytoplasm, whose function is
to give the cell it's shape
define lysosomes and describe it's location and function in the cell - Correct Answers -
small spheres formed from a Golgi body and containing digestive enzymes, located in
the cytosol of the cytoplasm, whose function is to digest old organelles, food particles
and engulfed viruses and bacteria
define nucleus and describe it's location and function in the cell - Correct Answers -a
large organelle, located within the cell, whose function is to store DNA and control and
regulate the cell by coordinating growth, intermediary metabolism, protein synthesis and
reproduction in the form of cell division
define nuclear membrane and describe it's location and function in the cell - Correct
Answers -a membrane, located on the nucleus, whose function is to separate the
nucleus from the cytoplasm
define mitochondria and describe it's location and function in the cell - Correct Answers
-a structure, located in the cytoplasm of a cell, whose function is to perform the aerobic
stage of cellular respiration which provides the cell with energy to carry out various
functions
define Golgi apparatus (Golgi body) and describe it's location and function in the cell -
Correct Answers -a structure consisting of a stack of flattened channels, located near
the nucleus, whose function is to modify, sort and package materials for secretion,
create lysosomes and help transport lipids around a cell
define microfilaments and describe it's location and function in the cell - Correct
Answers -protein fibres, located in the cytoplasm, whose function is to move materials
around the cytoplasm or through the whole cell
with Verified Answers
define cell - Correct Answers -the smallest functioning unit of life within the body
define tissue - Correct Answers -group of cells that are similar in structure and function
define organ - Correct Answers -two or more tissue types working together to perform a
function
define body system - Correct Answers -two or more organs working together to carry
out a general function
identify the levels of organization within the body - Correct Answers -cells, tissues,
organs, body systems, organisms
define cell membrane (plasma membrane) and describe it's location and function in the
cell - Correct Answers -a membrane that forms the external boundary of a cell, located
at the latter, whose functions are being a physical barrier (separates inside from
outside), regulation (movement of substances in and out), sensitivity (change in
surroundings) and support (anchors cytoskeleton; other cells)
define cytoplasm and describe it's location and function in the cell - Correct Answers -
the contents of a cell, excluding the nucleus, located within the cell membrane, whose
function is to fill the space within a cell
define cytosol and describe it's location and function in the cell - Correct Answers -the
liquid part of the cytoplasm, located within the cell membrane, whose function is to hold
the organelles together
define endoplasmic reticulum and describe it's location and function in the cell - Correct
Answers -a network of membranes forming channels, located through the cytoplasm,
whose function is to be a site of protein synthesis and store and transport materials
through the cell
define ribosomes and describe it's location and function in the cell - Correct Answers -
the site of protein synthesis, located freely within the cytoplasm or on the surface of
rough endoplasmic reticulum, whose function is to make proteins by joining together
amino acids
, Describe pinocytosis - Correct Answers -a type of endocytosis where the particles taken
into the cell are liquid
give the formula used to calculate the SA/Vol ratio for a given cell - Correct Answers -
(width x length x 6; number of faces of a cube) : (length x width x height)
explain how a cell's size and shape can affect the rate of processes like diffusion -
Correct Answers -diffusion will occur more effectively if a cell has a large surface area in
relation to its volume. (e.g. long thin cells, broad flat cells and tiny cells are more
effective at diffusion that larger cells)
describe how concentration gradients can affect the rate of diffusion - Correct Answers -
the bigger the difference in concentration, the faster diffusion occurs
define cytoskeleton and describe it's location and function in the cell - Correct Answers -
an internal scaffolding of protein fibres, located within the cytoplasm, whose function is
to give the cell it's shape
define lysosomes and describe it's location and function in the cell - Correct Answers -
small spheres formed from a Golgi body and containing digestive enzymes, located in
the cytosol of the cytoplasm, whose function is to digest old organelles, food particles
and engulfed viruses and bacteria
define nucleus and describe it's location and function in the cell - Correct Answers -a
large organelle, located within the cell, whose function is to store DNA and control and
regulate the cell by coordinating growth, intermediary metabolism, protein synthesis and
reproduction in the form of cell division
define nuclear membrane and describe it's location and function in the cell - Correct
Answers -a membrane, located on the nucleus, whose function is to separate the
nucleus from the cytoplasm
define mitochondria and describe it's location and function in the cell - Correct Answers
-a structure, located in the cytoplasm of a cell, whose function is to perform the aerobic
stage of cellular respiration which provides the cell with energy to carry out various
functions
define Golgi apparatus (Golgi body) and describe it's location and function in the cell -
Correct Answers -a structure consisting of a stack of flattened channels, located near
the nucleus, whose function is to modify, sort and package materials for secretion,
create lysosomes and help transport lipids around a cell
define microfilaments and describe it's location and function in the cell - Correct
Answers -protein fibres, located in the cytoplasm, whose function is to move materials
around the cytoplasm or through the whole cell
