ATAR Human Biology Unit 1 Exam
Questions and Answers
Placebo - Correct Answers -An inactive substance that looks like real medication
Cell membrane - Correct Answers -The semi/differentially permeable membrane
surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell
Functions include passage of materials, sensitivity to outside changes, supporting the
insides of the cell and being a physical barrier.
Endoplasmic reticulum - Correct Answers -A network of membranous tubules within the
cytoplasm of a cell. Can be rough (with ribosomes) or smooth.
Involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
Microtubule - Correct Answers -A microscopic tubular structure present in numbers in
the cytoplasm of cells.
Involved in nucleic and cell division and organisation of intracellular structure / transport
Vasoconstriction - Correct Answers -Muscles in the arteries contracting to reduce blood
flow
Vasodilation - Correct Answers -Muscles in arteries relaxing to increase blood flow.
Coagulation - Correct Answers -For serious injuries, clotting factors act and coagulation
occurs.
Fibrin - Correct Answers -Coagulation results in the formation of threads called fibrin,
which make up an insoluble thread mesh that traps blood cells, platelets and plasma
(the blot)
Mitochondria - Correct Answers -Source of energy of the cell through respiration.
Regulates cellular metabolism. Site of aerobic respiration.
Nucleus - Correct Answers -Information processing and administrative centre of the cell.
Includes nuclear pores (transports material across nuclear membrane) and nucleolus
(contains DNA)
, Ribosomes - Correct Answers -A minute particle consisting of RNA and associated
proteins. Can be found in the cytoplasm and attached to ER. Take part in protein
synthesis
Lysosome - Correct Answers -Organelle ontaining degradative enzymes.
Golgi apparatus - Correct Answers -Involved in secretion and packaging for intracellular
transport
Phospholipid bilayer - Correct Answers -A hydrophilic head containing a phosphate
group. Attracted to water. A hydrophobic fatty acid tail that repels water. Organised in a
bilayer to hide the tails and expose the heads.
Passive transport - Correct Answers -Does not require cell energy to occur
Active transport - Correct Answers -Requires cell energy to occur
Diffusion - Correct Answers -Random movement of ions and molecules (passive)
Osmosis - Correct Answers -Special case of diffusion where water passes across a cell
membrane
Hypertonic - Correct Answers -Concentration of a solution is higher inside the cell than
outside
Hypotonic - Correct Answers -Concentration of a solution is lower inside the cell than
outside
Isotonic - Correct Answers -When the concentration of a solution is the same on both
sides of a cell
Vesicular transport - Correct Answers -Use vesicles (tiny sacs made of phospholipids)
to transport material across a cell membrane
Exocytosis - Correct Answers -Transportation of material in vesicles to the outside. The
vesicle reaches the membrane and the two bilayers rearrange so that they fuse and
material spills out.
Endocytosis - Correct Answers -Materials enter empty vesicles to be taken into cells.
Pinocytosis for dissolved material and phagocytosis for solid matter to be destroyed
inside the cell.
Carrier-mediated transport - Correct Answers -The process by which molecules pass
through a membrane via a channel protein. Each molecule has a specific carrier protein
that assists the molecule across the cell membrane.
Questions and Answers
Placebo - Correct Answers -An inactive substance that looks like real medication
Cell membrane - Correct Answers -The semi/differentially permeable membrane
surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell
Functions include passage of materials, sensitivity to outside changes, supporting the
insides of the cell and being a physical barrier.
Endoplasmic reticulum - Correct Answers -A network of membranous tubules within the
cytoplasm of a cell. Can be rough (with ribosomes) or smooth.
Involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
Microtubule - Correct Answers -A microscopic tubular structure present in numbers in
the cytoplasm of cells.
Involved in nucleic and cell division and organisation of intracellular structure / transport
Vasoconstriction - Correct Answers -Muscles in the arteries contracting to reduce blood
flow
Vasodilation - Correct Answers -Muscles in arteries relaxing to increase blood flow.
Coagulation - Correct Answers -For serious injuries, clotting factors act and coagulation
occurs.
Fibrin - Correct Answers -Coagulation results in the formation of threads called fibrin,
which make up an insoluble thread mesh that traps blood cells, platelets and plasma
(the blot)
Mitochondria - Correct Answers -Source of energy of the cell through respiration.
Regulates cellular metabolism. Site of aerobic respiration.
Nucleus - Correct Answers -Information processing and administrative centre of the cell.
Includes nuclear pores (transports material across nuclear membrane) and nucleolus
(contains DNA)
, Ribosomes - Correct Answers -A minute particle consisting of RNA and associated
proteins. Can be found in the cytoplasm and attached to ER. Take part in protein
synthesis
Lysosome - Correct Answers -Organelle ontaining degradative enzymes.
Golgi apparatus - Correct Answers -Involved in secretion and packaging for intracellular
transport
Phospholipid bilayer - Correct Answers -A hydrophilic head containing a phosphate
group. Attracted to water. A hydrophobic fatty acid tail that repels water. Organised in a
bilayer to hide the tails and expose the heads.
Passive transport - Correct Answers -Does not require cell energy to occur
Active transport - Correct Answers -Requires cell energy to occur
Diffusion - Correct Answers -Random movement of ions and molecules (passive)
Osmosis - Correct Answers -Special case of diffusion where water passes across a cell
membrane
Hypertonic - Correct Answers -Concentration of a solution is higher inside the cell than
outside
Hypotonic - Correct Answers -Concentration of a solution is lower inside the cell than
outside
Isotonic - Correct Answers -When the concentration of a solution is the same on both
sides of a cell
Vesicular transport - Correct Answers -Use vesicles (tiny sacs made of phospholipids)
to transport material across a cell membrane
Exocytosis - Correct Answers -Transportation of material in vesicles to the outside. The
vesicle reaches the membrane and the two bilayers rearrange so that they fuse and
material spills out.
Endocytosis - Correct Answers -Materials enter empty vesicles to be taken into cells.
Pinocytosis for dissolved material and phagocytosis for solid matter to be destroyed
inside the cell.
Carrier-mediated transport - Correct Answers -The process by which molecules pass
through a membrane via a channel protein. Each molecule has a specific carrier protein
that assists the molecule across the cell membrane.
