PATHOLOGY TEST BANK EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH ERIFIED ANSWERS
When a mucous gland cell creates a new substance from previously absorbed material,
this process is known as which specialized cellular function? - Answer-Secretion
All cells are capable of what process? - Answer-Excretion
What are the major chemical components of the cell membranes? (Select all that
apply.)
lipids, sodium ions, carbohydrates, DNA, proteins - Answer-Lipids and proteins
Which cells lose their ability to replicate and divide? (Select all that apply.)
Intestines
Nerves
Skin
Lens of the eye
Skeletal muscle - Answer-Nerves
Lens of the eye
Skeletal muscle
Which statements are true concerning the process of facilitated diffusion? (Select all
that apply).
A- Facilitated diffusion is also referred to as passive mediated transport.
B- This process expends no metabolic energy.
C- Moving solute molecules through cellular membranes are involved in this process.
D-Movement up a concentration gradient is necessary.
E-Facilitated diffusion is the primary means for water transport. - Answer-A B C
Passive transport is dependent on: (Select all that apply.)
A- Semipermeable barrier membrane
B- The process of osmosis
C- Diffusion as a driving force
D- A living host
E- Hydrostatic pressure - Answer-A, B, C, E
What is the primary function of proteins? (Select all that apply.)
A- Proteins are binding units.
B- Proteins are transport channels.
C- Proteins are ribonucleoproteins.
D- Proteins provide cell surface markers.
E- Proteins are chemical reaction catalysts. - Answer-A, B, D, E
,Endoplasmic reticulum - Answer-membrane factory that specializes in the synthesis and
transport of the protein and lipid components of most of cells organelles
Secretory vesicle - Answer-fuses with the plasma membrane to release contents from
the cell
Lysosomes - Answer-function as the intracellular digestive system. capable of digesting
most cellular constituents down to their basic forms, such as amino acids, fatty acids,
and sugars.
Passive mediated transport - Answer-facilitated diffusion.
protein transporter moves solute molecules through cellular membranes without
expending metabolic energy.
Osmosis - Answer-Movement of water.
Active mediated transport - Answer-protein transporter moves molecules up, or against
concentration gradient.
Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of
the bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells? -
Answer-Metaplasia
The loss of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during ischemia causes cells to: -
Answer-Swell because of the influx of sodium chloride (NaCl).
The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of
hormonal: - Answer-Hyperplasia
Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases? -
Answer-Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease
Free radicals cause cell damage by: - Answer-Giving up an electron, which causes
injury to the chemical bonds of the cell
membrane
What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria? - Answer-
Influx of calcium ions halts ATP production.
What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injury? -
Answer-Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting DNA
synthesis.
Lead causes damage within the cell by interfering with the action of: - Answer-Calcium
,Which statement is a description of the characteristics of apoptosis? - Answer-
Programmed cell death of scattered, single cells
Lead poisoning affects the nervous system by: - Answer-Interfering with the function of
neurotransmitters
Carbon monoxide causes tissue damage by: - Answer-Binding to hemoglobin so that it
cannot carry oxygen
Acute alcoholism mainly affects which body system? - Answer-Central nervous
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, an increase in the osmotic pressure occurs within
the cell because: - Answer-Sodium chloride enters the cell.
Which statement is true regarding the difference between subdural hematoma and
epidural hematoma? - Answer-A subdural hematoma is often the result of shaken baby
syndrome, whereas an epidural hematoma rapidly forms as a result of a skull fracture.
What physiologic change occurs during heat exhaustion? - Answer-Hemoconcentration
occurs because of the loss of salt and water.
In hypoxic injury, sodium enters the cell and causes swelling because: - Answer-ATP is
insufficient to maintain the pump that keeps sodium out of the cell.
What is the most common site of lipid accumulation? - Answer-Liver
What mechanisms occur in the liver cells as a result of lipid accumulation? - Answer-
Increased synthesis of triglycerides from fatty acids and decreased synthesis of
apoproteins
Hemoprotein accumulations are a result of the excessive storage of: - Answer-Iron,
which is transferred from the cells to the bloodstream
Hemosiderosis is a condition that results in the excess of what substance being stored
as hemosiderin in cells of many organs and tissues? - Answer-Iron
What is the cause of free calcium in the cytosol that damages cell membranes by
uncontrolled enzyme activation? - Answer-Depletion of ATP normally pumps calcium
from the cell.
What two types of hearing loss are associated with noise? - Answer-Acoustic trauma
and noise-induced
What type of necrosis results from ischemia of neurons and glial cells? - Answer-
Liquefactive
, What type of necrosis is often associated with pulmonary tuberculosis? - Answer-
Caseous
What type of necrosis is associated with wet gangrene? - Answer-Liquefactive
Current research supports the believe that, after heart muscle injury, the damage: -
Answer-Is repaired by newly matured cardiomyocytes.
After ovulation, the uterine endometrial cells divide under the influence of estrogen. This
process is an example of hormonal: - Answer-Hyperplasia
The abnormal proliferation of cells in response to excessive hormonal stimulation is
called: - Answer-Pathologic hyperplasia
Removal of part of the liver leads to the remaining liver cells undergoing compensatory:
- Answer-Hyperplasia
What is the single most common cause of cellular injury? - Answer-Hypoxic injury
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell because: -
Answer-The pump that transports sodium out of the cell cannot function because of a
decrease in ATP levels.
In decompression sickness, emboli are formed by bubbles of: - Answer-Nitrogen
Which is an effect of ionizing radiation exposure? - Answer-DNA aberrations
What is an example of compensatory hyperplasia? - Answer-Hepatic cells increase cell
division after part of the liver is excised.
It is true that nondividing cells are: - Answer-Found in gastrointestinal lining
Dysplasia refers to a(n): - Answer-Modification in the shape of a specific cell type
Current research has determined that chemical-induced cellular injury: - Answer-Is often
the result of the damage caused by reactive free radicals.
Which organs are affected by lead consumption? (Select all that apply.)
Bones
Muscles
Pancreas
Nerves
Eyes - Answer-Bones, Nerves
What effect does fetal alcohol syndrome have on newborns? (Select all that apply.)
A- Failure of alveoli to open
QUESTIONS WITH ERIFIED ANSWERS
When a mucous gland cell creates a new substance from previously absorbed material,
this process is known as which specialized cellular function? - Answer-Secretion
All cells are capable of what process? - Answer-Excretion
What are the major chemical components of the cell membranes? (Select all that
apply.)
lipids, sodium ions, carbohydrates, DNA, proteins - Answer-Lipids and proteins
Which cells lose their ability to replicate and divide? (Select all that apply.)
Intestines
Nerves
Skin
Lens of the eye
Skeletal muscle - Answer-Nerves
Lens of the eye
Skeletal muscle
Which statements are true concerning the process of facilitated diffusion? (Select all
that apply).
A- Facilitated diffusion is also referred to as passive mediated transport.
B- This process expends no metabolic energy.
C- Moving solute molecules through cellular membranes are involved in this process.
D-Movement up a concentration gradient is necessary.
E-Facilitated diffusion is the primary means for water transport. - Answer-A B C
Passive transport is dependent on: (Select all that apply.)
A- Semipermeable barrier membrane
B- The process of osmosis
C- Diffusion as a driving force
D- A living host
E- Hydrostatic pressure - Answer-A, B, C, E
What is the primary function of proteins? (Select all that apply.)
A- Proteins are binding units.
B- Proteins are transport channels.
C- Proteins are ribonucleoproteins.
D- Proteins provide cell surface markers.
E- Proteins are chemical reaction catalysts. - Answer-A, B, D, E
,Endoplasmic reticulum - Answer-membrane factory that specializes in the synthesis and
transport of the protein and lipid components of most of cells organelles
Secretory vesicle - Answer-fuses with the plasma membrane to release contents from
the cell
Lysosomes - Answer-function as the intracellular digestive system. capable of digesting
most cellular constituents down to their basic forms, such as amino acids, fatty acids,
and sugars.
Passive mediated transport - Answer-facilitated diffusion.
protein transporter moves solute molecules through cellular membranes without
expending metabolic energy.
Osmosis - Answer-Movement of water.
Active mediated transport - Answer-protein transporter moves molecules up, or against
concentration gradient.
Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of
the bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells? -
Answer-Metaplasia
The loss of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during ischemia causes cells to: -
Answer-Swell because of the influx of sodium chloride (NaCl).
The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of
hormonal: - Answer-Hyperplasia
Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases? -
Answer-Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease
Free radicals cause cell damage by: - Answer-Giving up an electron, which causes
injury to the chemical bonds of the cell
membrane
What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria? - Answer-
Influx of calcium ions halts ATP production.
What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injury? -
Answer-Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting DNA
synthesis.
Lead causes damage within the cell by interfering with the action of: - Answer-Calcium
,Which statement is a description of the characteristics of apoptosis? - Answer-
Programmed cell death of scattered, single cells
Lead poisoning affects the nervous system by: - Answer-Interfering with the function of
neurotransmitters
Carbon monoxide causes tissue damage by: - Answer-Binding to hemoglobin so that it
cannot carry oxygen
Acute alcoholism mainly affects which body system? - Answer-Central nervous
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, an increase in the osmotic pressure occurs within
the cell because: - Answer-Sodium chloride enters the cell.
Which statement is true regarding the difference between subdural hematoma and
epidural hematoma? - Answer-A subdural hematoma is often the result of shaken baby
syndrome, whereas an epidural hematoma rapidly forms as a result of a skull fracture.
What physiologic change occurs during heat exhaustion? - Answer-Hemoconcentration
occurs because of the loss of salt and water.
In hypoxic injury, sodium enters the cell and causes swelling because: - Answer-ATP is
insufficient to maintain the pump that keeps sodium out of the cell.
What is the most common site of lipid accumulation? - Answer-Liver
What mechanisms occur in the liver cells as a result of lipid accumulation? - Answer-
Increased synthesis of triglycerides from fatty acids and decreased synthesis of
apoproteins
Hemoprotein accumulations are a result of the excessive storage of: - Answer-Iron,
which is transferred from the cells to the bloodstream
Hemosiderosis is a condition that results in the excess of what substance being stored
as hemosiderin in cells of many organs and tissues? - Answer-Iron
What is the cause of free calcium in the cytosol that damages cell membranes by
uncontrolled enzyme activation? - Answer-Depletion of ATP normally pumps calcium
from the cell.
What two types of hearing loss are associated with noise? - Answer-Acoustic trauma
and noise-induced
What type of necrosis results from ischemia of neurons and glial cells? - Answer-
Liquefactive
, What type of necrosis is often associated with pulmonary tuberculosis? - Answer-
Caseous
What type of necrosis is associated with wet gangrene? - Answer-Liquefactive
Current research supports the believe that, after heart muscle injury, the damage: -
Answer-Is repaired by newly matured cardiomyocytes.
After ovulation, the uterine endometrial cells divide under the influence of estrogen. This
process is an example of hormonal: - Answer-Hyperplasia
The abnormal proliferation of cells in response to excessive hormonal stimulation is
called: - Answer-Pathologic hyperplasia
Removal of part of the liver leads to the remaining liver cells undergoing compensatory:
- Answer-Hyperplasia
What is the single most common cause of cellular injury? - Answer-Hypoxic injury
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell because: -
Answer-The pump that transports sodium out of the cell cannot function because of a
decrease in ATP levels.
In decompression sickness, emboli are formed by bubbles of: - Answer-Nitrogen
Which is an effect of ionizing radiation exposure? - Answer-DNA aberrations
What is an example of compensatory hyperplasia? - Answer-Hepatic cells increase cell
division after part of the liver is excised.
It is true that nondividing cells are: - Answer-Found in gastrointestinal lining
Dysplasia refers to a(n): - Answer-Modification in the shape of a specific cell type
Current research has determined that chemical-induced cellular injury: - Answer-Is often
the result of the damage caused by reactive free radicals.
Which organs are affected by lead consumption? (Select all that apply.)
Bones
Muscles
Pancreas
Nerves
Eyes - Answer-Bones, Nerves
What effect does fetal alcohol syndrome have on newborns? (Select all that apply.)
A- Failure of alveoli to open
