Urinalysis & Other Body Fluids (Review) |
Questions with Solutions
The presence of increased levels of protein in the urine may be an early
indicator of which of the following conditions? - -Renal disease
- True or false? The element that is indicated by the arrow is a red blood cell
cast. - -True
- Identify the urine sediment elements present in this acidic urine: - -
Amorphous urate crystals
- What type of cast is shown in the illustration? - -RBC cast
- Which of the following cells when found upon microscopic examination of
the urine would be most indicative of kidney disease: - -Tubular epithelial
cells
- Common crystals which can be found in ACID urine include: (Choose all
that apply.) - -- Amorphous urates
- Calcium oxalate
- The crystals that are seen in this image are calcium oxalate. - -False
- Match urine color with substance that might have been responsible: - -
Phosphates > White
Bilirubin > Yellow
Pseudomonas > Blue to green
Porphobilinogen > Red to brown
- Which of the following macroscopic findings is MOST consistent with the
microscopic finding of casts? - -Positive protein
- How does ion concentration in the urine relate to specific gravity? - -
Specific gravity increases as ionic concentration increases.
- The patient is a female and the urinalysis is completed within two hours of
collection.
True or false? The presence of bacteria correlates with the slight turbidity
and WBC result. - -True
- What is the identification of these crystals seen in urine with an alkaline
pH? - -Triple phosphate
, - Identify the urine sediment elements present in this illustration: - -Fine
granular casts
- A patient suspected of a urinary tract infection has a negative nitrite test,
but bacteria is present upon microscopic examination. What may have
caused this discrepant result? (Choose ALL of the correct answers) - -- The
bacteria that is present is not a nitrate-reducer.
- The urine was in the bladder for an insufficient amount of time for nitrate to
be reduced to nitrite.
- Substances found in urinary sediment that are more easily distinguished
by use of polarized microscope are: - -Lipids
- Quality control procedures should be performed with each new lot of
chemical reagent strips, and as often as required by the laboratory's
procedure. True or False? - -True
- When an automated or semi-automated method is used to read urine
chemical reagent strips, quality control testing must be performed at least
how often? - -- With each new lot of reagent strips
- Every day of patient testing
- The Clinitest® reaction is based on which of the following principles? - -
Copper reduction
- The volume of urine recommended for centrifugation for a microscopic
examination is: - -10-15 mL
- Which one of the following statements about urea is false: - -It is
decreased in dehydration
- True or false? The cells shown in the image to the right are transitional
epithelial cells. - -True
- The reaction which differentiates crystals from starch is: - -Starch stains
blue black with iodine
- When the glucose result on a urine specimen from an infant is negative on
the reagent strip, it can be assumed that the specimen is negative for other
reducing substances such as galactose. - -False
- The gold-orange needle-like crystals that are indicated by the arrows are
bilirubin crystals. - -True
, - Significantly increased levels of ketones are detected in the urine with
which of the following conditions? (Choose ALL correct answers) - -- Diabetic
acidosis
- Excessive carbohydrate loss
- Starvation
- Upon centrifugation, a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample supernatant
exhibited xanthochromia. The image is a Wright-Giemsa stained smear that
was made from that CSF sample. What condition is probably related to these
macroscopic and microscopic findings? - -Previous subarachnoid
hemorrhage
- Which of the following are functions of CSF? - -- Supply nutrients to
nervous system tissue.
- Protect spinal cord from injury.
- Remove waste products from cerebral metabolism.
- Fecal urobilinogen level may be markedly decreased because of: - -Biliary
obstruction
In the intestines, bilirubin is converted to urobilinogen. Most urobilinogen,
which gives feces their dark color, is excreted in the feces. An absence of
bilirubin in the intestine, which occurs with bile duct obstruction, blocks the
conversion of bilirubin to urobilinogen, which causes clay-colored stools and
a decreased fecal urobilinogen level.
- How many white blood cells (WBCs) would be considered normal for adult
cerebrospinal fluid? - -0-5 WBCs/µL
Children will have slightly higher counts. Up to 30 WBCs/µL is within normal
limits for newborns.
Lymphocytes account for 60-100% of these cells.
- A spinal fluid that is slightly hazy is briefly examined microscopically. The
technologist performing the count decides to make a 1:10 dilution using 30
µL of sample. What volume of diluant should be used? - -270 µL
Formula =
1 / DF = Sample volume used / Total volume
= 30 µL / x
300 = x
Volume of diluant = Total volume - Sample volume
Questions with Solutions
The presence of increased levels of protein in the urine may be an early
indicator of which of the following conditions? - -Renal disease
- True or false? The element that is indicated by the arrow is a red blood cell
cast. - -True
- Identify the urine sediment elements present in this acidic urine: - -
Amorphous urate crystals
- What type of cast is shown in the illustration? - -RBC cast
- Which of the following cells when found upon microscopic examination of
the urine would be most indicative of kidney disease: - -Tubular epithelial
cells
- Common crystals which can be found in ACID urine include: (Choose all
that apply.) - -- Amorphous urates
- Calcium oxalate
- The crystals that are seen in this image are calcium oxalate. - -False
- Match urine color with substance that might have been responsible: - -
Phosphates > White
Bilirubin > Yellow
Pseudomonas > Blue to green
Porphobilinogen > Red to brown
- Which of the following macroscopic findings is MOST consistent with the
microscopic finding of casts? - -Positive protein
- How does ion concentration in the urine relate to specific gravity? - -
Specific gravity increases as ionic concentration increases.
- The patient is a female and the urinalysis is completed within two hours of
collection.
True or false? The presence of bacteria correlates with the slight turbidity
and WBC result. - -True
- What is the identification of these crystals seen in urine with an alkaline
pH? - -Triple phosphate
, - Identify the urine sediment elements present in this illustration: - -Fine
granular casts
- A patient suspected of a urinary tract infection has a negative nitrite test,
but bacteria is present upon microscopic examination. What may have
caused this discrepant result? (Choose ALL of the correct answers) - -- The
bacteria that is present is not a nitrate-reducer.
- The urine was in the bladder for an insufficient amount of time for nitrate to
be reduced to nitrite.
- Substances found in urinary sediment that are more easily distinguished
by use of polarized microscope are: - -Lipids
- Quality control procedures should be performed with each new lot of
chemical reagent strips, and as often as required by the laboratory's
procedure. True or False? - -True
- When an automated or semi-automated method is used to read urine
chemical reagent strips, quality control testing must be performed at least
how often? - -- With each new lot of reagent strips
- Every day of patient testing
- The Clinitest® reaction is based on which of the following principles? - -
Copper reduction
- The volume of urine recommended for centrifugation for a microscopic
examination is: - -10-15 mL
- Which one of the following statements about urea is false: - -It is
decreased in dehydration
- True or false? The cells shown in the image to the right are transitional
epithelial cells. - -True
- The reaction which differentiates crystals from starch is: - -Starch stains
blue black with iodine
- When the glucose result on a urine specimen from an infant is negative on
the reagent strip, it can be assumed that the specimen is negative for other
reducing substances such as galactose. - -False
- The gold-orange needle-like crystals that are indicated by the arrows are
bilirubin crystals. - -True
, - Significantly increased levels of ketones are detected in the urine with
which of the following conditions? (Choose ALL correct answers) - -- Diabetic
acidosis
- Excessive carbohydrate loss
- Starvation
- Upon centrifugation, a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample supernatant
exhibited xanthochromia. The image is a Wright-Giemsa stained smear that
was made from that CSF sample. What condition is probably related to these
macroscopic and microscopic findings? - -Previous subarachnoid
hemorrhage
- Which of the following are functions of CSF? - -- Supply nutrients to
nervous system tissue.
- Protect spinal cord from injury.
- Remove waste products from cerebral metabolism.
- Fecal urobilinogen level may be markedly decreased because of: - -Biliary
obstruction
In the intestines, bilirubin is converted to urobilinogen. Most urobilinogen,
which gives feces their dark color, is excreted in the feces. An absence of
bilirubin in the intestine, which occurs with bile duct obstruction, blocks the
conversion of bilirubin to urobilinogen, which causes clay-colored stools and
a decreased fecal urobilinogen level.
- How many white blood cells (WBCs) would be considered normal for adult
cerebrospinal fluid? - -0-5 WBCs/µL
Children will have slightly higher counts. Up to 30 WBCs/µL is within normal
limits for newborns.
Lymphocytes account for 60-100% of these cells.
- A spinal fluid that is slightly hazy is briefly examined microscopically. The
technologist performing the count decides to make a 1:10 dilution using 30
µL of sample. What volume of diluant should be used? - -270 µL
Formula =
1 / DF = Sample volume used / Total volume
= 30 µL / x
300 = x
Volume of diluant = Total volume - Sample volume
