KIN 3502 Final Exam Questions with Correct
Solutions
What are the two main areas of Sport and Exercise Psychology? - ANS -Performance
enhancement
-mental health
Performance Enhancement - ANS Effects of psychological factors on sport performance
What does the term "Mind affects body" mean? - ANS the way we think and feel has a strong
impact on how we physically perform
Mental Health - ANS enhancing the psychological effects of participation in PA, sport, and
exercise
What are some benefits of PA on Mental Health? - ANS helps reduce stress, alleviates anxiety,
better sleep, decreases depression, etc
Trait - ANS -fundamental aspect of personality
-relatively stable
-predispositions
-learned or genetic
State - ANS -situational
-transitory
-potentially rapid changing
T/F: both trait and state must be considered when understanding and predicting behavior - ANS
True
,Affiliation motivation - ANS degree to which a person sees group involvement as an opportunity
for social approval versus social rejection
T/F: Current affective states can influence scores on trait responses - ANS True
General measures - ANS -global
-no reference to PA/sport
Situation-specific measures - ANS more accurate and reliable predictor of behavior in specific
situations
Sarason (1975) Test Anxiety - ANS -better predictor of pretest anxiety
What are some examples of sport-specific measures? - ANS -Sport Anxiety Scale
-Sport Motivation Scale
-Physical Self-Perception Profile
Sport-specific multidimensional inventories - ANS -measuring a variety of psychological skills for
performance success
What are some examples of sport-specific multidimensional inventories? - ANS -Test of
Performance Strategies (TOPS)
-Ottawa Mental Skills Assessment Tool-3
-Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28
What are some cautions in using psychological tests? - ANS 1. understand measurement error
2. be able to evaluate a test's validity
,3. self-awareness of one's own qualifications and limitations
4. should not be used to determine team draft status
5. athletes should be told the purpose of the test, how it will be used, and given feedback
6. Confidentiality
Quantitative Measurement - ANS -Numerical in nature
-Usually experimental and correlational designs
-Objectively measured independent and dependent variables
-psychological states and traits assessed by reliable and valid inventories
Likert scales - ANS -used to assess the degree of agreement with statements
-can use reverse scoring
Why is reverse scoring often used? - ANS to make sure you get accurate responses due to
boredom or familiarity of a scale
Semantic Differential Scales - ANS -bipolar adjectives
-measures 3 factors
What 3 factors does Semantic Differential Scales measure? - ANS 1. Evaluation: degree of
goodness you attribute to concept
2. Potency: strength of concept
3. Activity: adjectives that describe action
Qualitative Measurement - ANS -textual in nature
-field observations, ethnography, and interviews
-provide depth and detail
-serve as foundation for development of quant. instruments
, Qualitative Methods - ANS -Interviews
-Observation
Mixed-Methods Approach - ANS -both quantitative and qualitative
-complimentary data
-allow investigator to consider idiosyncrasies of the responses
Competitive Anxiety - ANS -inverted-U hypothesis
-Sport Competition Anxiety Test
-Sport Anxiety Scale-2
-Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2
Psychological skills training - ANS -intended to improve performance and enhance enjoyment
and satisfaction
-usually includes imagery, self talk, concentration, goal setting, and confidence
Imagery - ANS -Visualization, mental rehearsal/practice
-90% of elite athletes use it
-Helps prepare the mind for successful execution of skills
-Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire-2
Self-talk - ANS -can be positive or negative
-learning and practicing this can enhance confidence, focus and performance
-Automatic Self-Talk Questionnaire for Sports
SMART Goals - ANS -Specific
Solutions
What are the two main areas of Sport and Exercise Psychology? - ANS -Performance
enhancement
-mental health
Performance Enhancement - ANS Effects of psychological factors on sport performance
What does the term "Mind affects body" mean? - ANS the way we think and feel has a strong
impact on how we physically perform
Mental Health - ANS enhancing the psychological effects of participation in PA, sport, and
exercise
What are some benefits of PA on Mental Health? - ANS helps reduce stress, alleviates anxiety,
better sleep, decreases depression, etc
Trait - ANS -fundamental aspect of personality
-relatively stable
-predispositions
-learned or genetic
State - ANS -situational
-transitory
-potentially rapid changing
T/F: both trait and state must be considered when understanding and predicting behavior - ANS
True
,Affiliation motivation - ANS degree to which a person sees group involvement as an opportunity
for social approval versus social rejection
T/F: Current affective states can influence scores on trait responses - ANS True
General measures - ANS -global
-no reference to PA/sport
Situation-specific measures - ANS more accurate and reliable predictor of behavior in specific
situations
Sarason (1975) Test Anxiety - ANS -better predictor of pretest anxiety
What are some examples of sport-specific measures? - ANS -Sport Anxiety Scale
-Sport Motivation Scale
-Physical Self-Perception Profile
Sport-specific multidimensional inventories - ANS -measuring a variety of psychological skills for
performance success
What are some examples of sport-specific multidimensional inventories? - ANS -Test of
Performance Strategies (TOPS)
-Ottawa Mental Skills Assessment Tool-3
-Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28
What are some cautions in using psychological tests? - ANS 1. understand measurement error
2. be able to evaluate a test's validity
,3. self-awareness of one's own qualifications and limitations
4. should not be used to determine team draft status
5. athletes should be told the purpose of the test, how it will be used, and given feedback
6. Confidentiality
Quantitative Measurement - ANS -Numerical in nature
-Usually experimental and correlational designs
-Objectively measured independent and dependent variables
-psychological states and traits assessed by reliable and valid inventories
Likert scales - ANS -used to assess the degree of agreement with statements
-can use reverse scoring
Why is reverse scoring often used? - ANS to make sure you get accurate responses due to
boredom or familiarity of a scale
Semantic Differential Scales - ANS -bipolar adjectives
-measures 3 factors
What 3 factors does Semantic Differential Scales measure? - ANS 1. Evaluation: degree of
goodness you attribute to concept
2. Potency: strength of concept
3. Activity: adjectives that describe action
Qualitative Measurement - ANS -textual in nature
-field observations, ethnography, and interviews
-provide depth and detail
-serve as foundation for development of quant. instruments
, Qualitative Methods - ANS -Interviews
-Observation
Mixed-Methods Approach - ANS -both quantitative and qualitative
-complimentary data
-allow investigator to consider idiosyncrasies of the responses
Competitive Anxiety - ANS -inverted-U hypothesis
-Sport Competition Anxiety Test
-Sport Anxiety Scale-2
-Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2
Psychological skills training - ANS -intended to improve performance and enhance enjoyment
and satisfaction
-usually includes imagery, self talk, concentration, goal setting, and confidence
Imagery - ANS -Visualization, mental rehearsal/practice
-90% of elite athletes use it
-Helps prepare the mind for successful execution of skills
-Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire-2
Self-talk - ANS -can be positive or negative
-learning and practicing this can enhance confidence, focus and performance
-Automatic Self-Talk Questionnaire for Sports
SMART Goals - ANS -Specific
