California Fluoroscopy exam
Questions with Solutions
This atomic bond forms when one when electrons are donated by one atom
to another (bound by the attraction between oppositely-charged ions)
a. covalent bond
b. ionic bond
c. cohesive bond
d. hydrogen bond - -B
- This atomic bond forms when two atoms share a pair of electrons
a. covalent bond
b. ionic bond
c. cohesive bond
d. hydrogen bond - -A
- This type of energy transfer is described as the average energy deposited
per unit path length of in soft tissue (keV/um)
a. LET
b. oxygen effect
c. RIB
d. RBE - -A
- T or F
As LET increases the ability of radiation to produce biological damage
increases. It is directly proportional. - -True
- The presence or absence of molecular oxygen within a cell influences the
biological effect of radiation is called
a. Target theory
b. LET
c. RBE
d. Oxygen effect - -D
- T or F
Oxygen is a radiosensitizer - -True
- T or F
,Well oxygenated cells have a much steeper survival curve - -True
- The ratio in cell kill between oxygenated and deoxygenated cells is called
the
a. Oxygen effect
b. Oxygen enhancement ratio
c. LET - -B
- If 10 Gy of 60Co gamma rays kills 50% of the mice in a group, and 1 Gy of
heavy ion radiotherapy kills the other group, the RBE would be:
a. 10
b. 100
c. 10^8
d. 1000 - -A
- T or F
As LET increases RBE decreases. - -False
- Dose from an amount of a test radiation to produce the same biological
effect is called
a. LET
b. RBE
c. oxygen enhancement ratio
d. oxygen effect - -B
- RBE is dependent on which of the following:
1 -Type of radiation
2-LET
3 -Type of cell or tissue
4 -Biological effect level
5. -Dose level/Dose rate
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 5
c. 4 only
d. all of the above - -D
- Which of the following occurs when the incident photon interacts with a
nearby nucleus creating an electron positive pair:
,a. Pair production
b. Compton scatter
c. photoelectric effect - -A
- If 150 mGy of neutrons produced the same amount of cell death as 650
mGy of 250 kVp x-rays, calculate the RBE:
a. 4.3
b. 1.1
c. .6
d. 3.4 - -A
- This is the ratio of the dose of some reference radiation required to
produce a certain amount of damage to the dose of test radiation required to
produce the same amount of damage.
a. LET
b. RBE
c. oxygen enhancement ratio
d. oxygen effect - -B
- In photoelectric effect, the photon is
a. scattered and the atom is excited
b. absorbed and the atom is excited
c. absorbed and the atom is ionized
d. scattered and the atom is ionized - -C
- Pair production requres the incident photons with energies greater than 1
meV because
a. the rest mass of the proton is greater than 1 meV
b. the rest masses of the positron and electron are each approximately 0.5
meV
c. the binding energy of the nucleons must be overcome
d. none of the above - -B
- Which of the following sequences is correctly ordered in terms of
increasing LET if the incident particles have the same energy?
a. Alpha particles, electrons, protons
b. protons, electrons, alpha particles
c. electrons, alpha particles, protons
d. electrons, protons, alpha particles - -C
, - Which cell survival curve model is often used to describe the radiation
sensitivity of mammalian cells at low doses?
a. Linear Quadratic
model
b. single target/single hit
d. Multitarget model - -A
- True or False. Cell survival curves are useful when comparing the
sensitivities of two or more cell types. - -True
- True or False. A low LET cell survival curve has no shoulder. - -False
- The ratio of radiation dose without oxygen to the radiation dose with
oxygen that produces the same biological effect is known as:
a. LQ model
b. LET
c. OER
d. RBE - -C
- True or False: Oxygen is an important radioprotector. - -False
- The (Oxygen enhancement ratio) OER _______________ as LET _____________.
a. increases, decreases
b. decreases, increases
c. decreases, decreases
d. increases, increases - -B
- If an occupational worker stood at a distance of 300 cm from a sources and
recieved a dose of 100 mR, what would the intensity be at a distance of
900cm from the source?
a. 100.11 mR
b. 11.11 mR
c. 1.11
d. 111.1 - -B
- Calculate the minification gain of a Image Intensifier with an input
phosphor diameter of 9" and an output phosphor diameter of 1 inch.
a. 9
b. 81
c. 8100
d. .01 - -b
Questions with Solutions
This atomic bond forms when one when electrons are donated by one atom
to another (bound by the attraction between oppositely-charged ions)
a. covalent bond
b. ionic bond
c. cohesive bond
d. hydrogen bond - -B
- This atomic bond forms when two atoms share a pair of electrons
a. covalent bond
b. ionic bond
c. cohesive bond
d. hydrogen bond - -A
- This type of energy transfer is described as the average energy deposited
per unit path length of in soft tissue (keV/um)
a. LET
b. oxygen effect
c. RIB
d. RBE - -A
- T or F
As LET increases the ability of radiation to produce biological damage
increases. It is directly proportional. - -True
- The presence or absence of molecular oxygen within a cell influences the
biological effect of radiation is called
a. Target theory
b. LET
c. RBE
d. Oxygen effect - -D
- T or F
Oxygen is a radiosensitizer - -True
- T or F
,Well oxygenated cells have a much steeper survival curve - -True
- The ratio in cell kill between oxygenated and deoxygenated cells is called
the
a. Oxygen effect
b. Oxygen enhancement ratio
c. LET - -B
- If 10 Gy of 60Co gamma rays kills 50% of the mice in a group, and 1 Gy of
heavy ion radiotherapy kills the other group, the RBE would be:
a. 10
b. 100
c. 10^8
d. 1000 - -A
- T or F
As LET increases RBE decreases. - -False
- Dose from an amount of a test radiation to produce the same biological
effect is called
a. LET
b. RBE
c. oxygen enhancement ratio
d. oxygen effect - -B
- RBE is dependent on which of the following:
1 -Type of radiation
2-LET
3 -Type of cell or tissue
4 -Biological effect level
5. -Dose level/Dose rate
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 5
c. 4 only
d. all of the above - -D
- Which of the following occurs when the incident photon interacts with a
nearby nucleus creating an electron positive pair:
,a. Pair production
b. Compton scatter
c. photoelectric effect - -A
- If 150 mGy of neutrons produced the same amount of cell death as 650
mGy of 250 kVp x-rays, calculate the RBE:
a. 4.3
b. 1.1
c. .6
d. 3.4 - -A
- This is the ratio of the dose of some reference radiation required to
produce a certain amount of damage to the dose of test radiation required to
produce the same amount of damage.
a. LET
b. RBE
c. oxygen enhancement ratio
d. oxygen effect - -B
- In photoelectric effect, the photon is
a. scattered and the atom is excited
b. absorbed and the atom is excited
c. absorbed and the atom is ionized
d. scattered and the atom is ionized - -C
- Pair production requres the incident photons with energies greater than 1
meV because
a. the rest mass of the proton is greater than 1 meV
b. the rest masses of the positron and electron are each approximately 0.5
meV
c. the binding energy of the nucleons must be overcome
d. none of the above - -B
- Which of the following sequences is correctly ordered in terms of
increasing LET if the incident particles have the same energy?
a. Alpha particles, electrons, protons
b. protons, electrons, alpha particles
c. electrons, alpha particles, protons
d. electrons, protons, alpha particles - -C
, - Which cell survival curve model is often used to describe the radiation
sensitivity of mammalian cells at low doses?
a. Linear Quadratic
model
b. single target/single hit
d. Multitarget model - -A
- True or False. Cell survival curves are useful when comparing the
sensitivities of two or more cell types. - -True
- True or False. A low LET cell survival curve has no shoulder. - -False
- The ratio of radiation dose without oxygen to the radiation dose with
oxygen that produces the same biological effect is known as:
a. LQ model
b. LET
c. OER
d. RBE - -C
- True or False: Oxygen is an important radioprotector. - -False
- The (Oxygen enhancement ratio) OER _______________ as LET _____________.
a. increases, decreases
b. decreases, increases
c. decreases, decreases
d. increases, increases - -B
- If an occupational worker stood at a distance of 300 cm from a sources and
recieved a dose of 100 mR, what would the intensity be at a distance of
900cm from the source?
a. 100.11 mR
b. 11.11 mR
c. 1.11
d. 111.1 - -B
- Calculate the minification gain of a Image Intensifier with an input
phosphor diameter of 9" and an output phosphor diameter of 1 inch.
a. 9
b. 81
c. 8100
d. .01 - -b
