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samenvatting neurofysiologie

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samenvatting neurofysiologie - 16/20 behaald met deze samenvatting gemaakt obv alle lessen + handboek en extra vragen van de cursus

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Uploaded on
February 15, 2025
Number of pages
47
Written in
2024/2025
Type
Summary

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neurofysiologie
2024-2025

,
,INLEIDING TOT NEUROFYSIOLOGIE (4)
Leerdoelen:
 Structuur zenuwstelsel
 Ontwikkeling zenuwstelsel
 Neurogenese & neuroprofilatie
 Synaptogenese
 Synapseliminatie


1. Structuur zenuwstelsel
STRUCTUUR




FUNCTIES
Drie hoofdfuncties: sensatie, integratie, motorisch output genereren

, 2. Ontwikkeling zenuwstelsel: neurogenese & profilatie
VAN NEURALE BUIS TOT CENTRAAL ZENUWSTELSEL
Ontstaat doorheen embryonale fase & wordt gevormd uit neurale plaat
⟶ Gedurende eerste 26 dagen zwangerschap: neurale plaat  neurale buis
 Anterieure & posterieure opening
- Opening vormen later de hersenen en het ruggenmerg
- Correct sluiting van deze openingen is cruciaal -> ander defecten
⤷ Anencefalie:
Oorzaak: foute sluiting anterieure opening
Gevolg: afwezigheid groot deel hersenen & schedel

⤷ Spina bifida:
Oorzaak: foute sluiting posterieure opening door vitamine D
Gevolg: open rug met motorische & andere problemen tot gevolg
 Risicovermindering door supplement foliumzuur + vitamine D in te
nemen vanaf dat je zwanger wilt worden

⟶ Neurale buis ondergaat later een verdere flexie & ontwikkeld zo later tot drie complexe
hersengebieden: voorhersenen, middenhersenen, achterhersenen

CELLEN VAN HET ZENUWSTELSEL
Neuronen gliacellen




NEUROGENESE, NEURALE PROLIFERATIE & MIGRATIE CORTICALE CELLEN
NEUROGENESE – AANMAAK VAN NIEUWE NEURONEN
⟶ Eerste stap in neurogenese: neurale proliferatie
 Vind plaats in wand v/d neurale buis
- Neuronen die hersencellen vormen ontstaan uit precursorcellen
- Corticale neuronen : subventriculaire zone
- Neuronen in andere hersengebieden: ventriculaire zone

 Precursorcel = ongedi erentieerde cel die ontstaat door celdeling & di erentiatie

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