BIO 340 ASU Holecheck Module 5 Quizlet
Questions And Answers With Verified Solutions
Graded A+ Latest Update 2025.
purines - ANSWER have a double ring structure with a six-membered ring fused to a five-
membered ring.
Pyrimidines - ANSWER have a single six-membered ring structure.
5'-3' phosphodiester bonds - ANSWER DNA nucleotides that are part of a polynucleotide chain
have one phosphate residue attached to the hydroxyl group of the 5' carbon of one sugar of one nucleotide
and the hydroxyl group of the 3' carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide.
dNMPs - ANSWER nucleotides that are part of a polynucleotide chain and called collectively
deoxynucleoside monophosphates where N can refer to any of the four nucleotide bases.
dNTPs - ANSWER free reactive DNA nucleotides called deoxynucleotide triphosphates that are
not part of a polynucleotide chain carry a string of three phosphate groups at the 5' carbon
DNA polymerase - ANSWER catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3'
hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the 5' phosphate group of an adjacent nucleotide.
sugar-phosphate backbone - ANSWER alternating sugar and phosphate groups throughout a
polynucleotide chain
antiparallel orientation - ANSWER 3' end of one strand faces the 5' end of the other strand so
that the partial charges of complementary nucleotides come into alignment to form hydrogen bonds.
hydrogen bond - ANSWER A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive
hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a
polar covalent bond in another molecule.
3.4 angstroms - ANSWER Each base pair nucleotide is separated from the other base pair by a
distance of _______
1 angstrom - ANSWER ________is equal to .1 nano meter (nm)
Major groove - ANSWER N7 and C6 groups of purines and the C4 and C5 groups of
pyrimidines face into the ___________
Minor groove - ANSWER H-bond donors and acceptors are in the ____________
B-form DNA - ANSWER is the most common and stable in which molecular configuration
spirals to the right
A-form DNA - ANSWER compact with about 11 base pairs per complete helical twist and a
higher degree of tilt of the base pairs relative to the backbone. Found in dehydrated samples.
, Z-form DNA - ANSWER a rarer Left-handed helical structure found in DNA bound to certain
proteins.
Chargaff's Rules - ANSWER DNA from any cell of all organisms should have a 1:1 ratio (base
pair rule) of pyrimidine and purine bases specifically that the amount of G is equal to C and the amount of
A is equal to T.
semi-conservative - ANSWER each of the two parental DNA strands acts as a template for new
DNA to be synthesized; after replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or "old" strand
and one "new" strand.
bidirectional - ANSWER DNA replication is ___________ meaning progressing in both
directions.
origins of replication - ANSWER particular positions in chromosomes where specialized
initiator proteins bind to DNA to start the process of replication.
Bacterial chromosomes - ANSWER contain only one single origin of replication
eukaryotic chromosomes - ANSWER contain multiple origins of replication
eukaryotes - ANSWER Multiple origins are necessary in _________ because they have much
larger genomes and replication forks move slower.
replication bubble - ANSWER expansion around the origin of replication
replication fork - ANSWER ______________is at each end of the replication bubble;
replication is complete when the ___________meet.
DNA pol III - ANSWER required for DNA synthesis
DNA pol I - ANSWER Removes RNA nucleotides of primer from 5' end and replaces them
with DNA nucleotides
DNA pol II - ANSWER involved in DNA repair processes
helicase - ANSWER unwinds the DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the
nitrogenous base pairs.
Single-strand binding proteins - ANSWER coat the single strands of DNA near the replication
fork to prevent the single-stranded DNA from winding back into a double helix.
5' to 3' direction - ANSWER DNA polymerase is able to add nucleotides only in the
____________
primer - ANSWER a _________ provides a free 3'-OH so that nucleotides can be added
RNA primase - ANSWER synthesizes a special RNA sequence that is about five to ten
nucleotides long and complementary to the DNA; begin DNA synthesis.
leading strand - ANSWER is synthesized continuously towards the replication fork because the
polymerase can add nucleotides in this direction.
Okazaki fragments - ANSWER small segments known as _____________ each requiring a
primer to start the synthesis.
Questions And Answers With Verified Solutions
Graded A+ Latest Update 2025.
purines - ANSWER have a double ring structure with a six-membered ring fused to a five-
membered ring.
Pyrimidines - ANSWER have a single six-membered ring structure.
5'-3' phosphodiester bonds - ANSWER DNA nucleotides that are part of a polynucleotide chain
have one phosphate residue attached to the hydroxyl group of the 5' carbon of one sugar of one nucleotide
and the hydroxyl group of the 3' carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide.
dNMPs - ANSWER nucleotides that are part of a polynucleotide chain and called collectively
deoxynucleoside monophosphates where N can refer to any of the four nucleotide bases.
dNTPs - ANSWER free reactive DNA nucleotides called deoxynucleotide triphosphates that are
not part of a polynucleotide chain carry a string of three phosphate groups at the 5' carbon
DNA polymerase - ANSWER catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3'
hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the 5' phosphate group of an adjacent nucleotide.
sugar-phosphate backbone - ANSWER alternating sugar and phosphate groups throughout a
polynucleotide chain
antiparallel orientation - ANSWER 3' end of one strand faces the 5' end of the other strand so
that the partial charges of complementary nucleotides come into alignment to form hydrogen bonds.
hydrogen bond - ANSWER A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive
hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a
polar covalent bond in another molecule.
3.4 angstroms - ANSWER Each base pair nucleotide is separated from the other base pair by a
distance of _______
1 angstrom - ANSWER ________is equal to .1 nano meter (nm)
Major groove - ANSWER N7 and C6 groups of purines and the C4 and C5 groups of
pyrimidines face into the ___________
Minor groove - ANSWER H-bond donors and acceptors are in the ____________
B-form DNA - ANSWER is the most common and stable in which molecular configuration
spirals to the right
A-form DNA - ANSWER compact with about 11 base pairs per complete helical twist and a
higher degree of tilt of the base pairs relative to the backbone. Found in dehydrated samples.
, Z-form DNA - ANSWER a rarer Left-handed helical structure found in DNA bound to certain
proteins.
Chargaff's Rules - ANSWER DNA from any cell of all organisms should have a 1:1 ratio (base
pair rule) of pyrimidine and purine bases specifically that the amount of G is equal to C and the amount of
A is equal to T.
semi-conservative - ANSWER each of the two parental DNA strands acts as a template for new
DNA to be synthesized; after replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or "old" strand
and one "new" strand.
bidirectional - ANSWER DNA replication is ___________ meaning progressing in both
directions.
origins of replication - ANSWER particular positions in chromosomes where specialized
initiator proteins bind to DNA to start the process of replication.
Bacterial chromosomes - ANSWER contain only one single origin of replication
eukaryotic chromosomes - ANSWER contain multiple origins of replication
eukaryotes - ANSWER Multiple origins are necessary in _________ because they have much
larger genomes and replication forks move slower.
replication bubble - ANSWER expansion around the origin of replication
replication fork - ANSWER ______________is at each end of the replication bubble;
replication is complete when the ___________meet.
DNA pol III - ANSWER required for DNA synthesis
DNA pol I - ANSWER Removes RNA nucleotides of primer from 5' end and replaces them
with DNA nucleotides
DNA pol II - ANSWER involved in DNA repair processes
helicase - ANSWER unwinds the DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the
nitrogenous base pairs.
Single-strand binding proteins - ANSWER coat the single strands of DNA near the replication
fork to prevent the single-stranded DNA from winding back into a double helix.
5' to 3' direction - ANSWER DNA polymerase is able to add nucleotides only in the
____________
primer - ANSWER a _________ provides a free 3'-OH so that nucleotides can be added
RNA primase - ANSWER synthesizes a special RNA sequence that is about five to ten
nucleotides long and complementary to the DNA; begin DNA synthesis.
leading strand - ANSWER is synthesized continuously towards the replication fork because the
polymerase can add nucleotides in this direction.
Okazaki fragments - ANSWER small segments known as _____________ each requiring a
primer to start the synthesis.
