PC 832 Exam Questions with 100%
Correct Answers
4th amendment - ANSWER ✔✔Protection from illegal or unreasonable search
and seizure. Right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers,
and effects against unreasonable search and seizure.
Consensual contact/encounter - ANSWER ✔✔face-to-face contact with a person
under circumstances which would cause a reasonable person to believe they are
free to leave or otherwise not cooperate. No legal justification needed if the
officer has a legal right to be there.
Reasonable suspicion - ANSWER ✔✔Standard to justify detention. Exists when
an officer has sufficient facts and info to make it reasonable to suspect that
criminal activity may be occurring and the person to be detained is connected to
that activity. Ex- appearance of person, actions, driving behaviors, knowledge of
person's history, demeanor, time of day, location, training/experience. Cannot
be based on a hunch or instinct.
Probable cause - ANSWER ✔✔To arrest exists when the totality of the
circumstances or "total atmosphere" of the case would cause a person of
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,ordinary care and prudence to entertain an honest and strong suspicion that the
person to be arrested is guilty of a crime.
Constitutional law - ANSWER ✔✔Formed by the rules and provisions found in
the federal and state constitutions.
Statutory law - ANSWER ✔✔or 'codified law' - consists of the written laws
enacted by a legislative body. (All crimes are statutory in CA. To be enforceable
a law must be written)
Case law - ANSWER ✔✔'precedent' - to interpret the constitution and to clarify
statutes.
Judicial review - ANSWER ✔✔Protects the rights of the individual from
unconstitutional legislation when state or federal branches declare certain
behavior to be criminal and punishable by law.
Letter of the law - ANSWER ✔✔means the law is strictly applied in accordance
with the literal meaning of the statute, leaving no room for interpretation.
Spirit of the law - ANSWER ✔✔means the law is applied in accordance with the
intent of the legislature, the promotion of fairness, and not soley in literal
compliance with the words of the statute.
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, Interpretation of the law - ANSWER ✔✔each code provision must be
interpreted in regard to relationship to other statutes, intent of legislative body,
meanings of the words, and scope of its effect.
Criminal law - ANSWER ✔✔deals with violations of the criminal statutes. Such
violations are called crimes and are considered public wrongs against all people
of the State of CA. The consequence is prosecution. Punishment may include
death, incarceration, fines, removal or disqualification from office.
Civil law - ANSWER ✔✔deals with non-criminal violations or private wrongs
committed by one person against another. Civil wrong is called a 'tort' or
'breach of contract'. The purpose of civil law is to redress, or right a wrong.
Consequences include monetary compensation for the injured party, not
including incarceration.
Tort by omission - ANSWER ✔✔omission of an act or negligence may also be a
tort if it violates a legal duty owed to another person. Ex- Store owner failed to
alert customers of hazardous situation such as wet floor, resulting in injured
person. Store owner's failure to act could lead to civil action.
definition of a crime - ANSWER ✔✔collective wrong or act of omission in
violation of a law
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619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Correct Answers
4th amendment - ANSWER ✔✔Protection from illegal or unreasonable search
and seizure. Right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers,
and effects against unreasonable search and seizure.
Consensual contact/encounter - ANSWER ✔✔face-to-face contact with a person
under circumstances which would cause a reasonable person to believe they are
free to leave or otherwise not cooperate. No legal justification needed if the
officer has a legal right to be there.
Reasonable suspicion - ANSWER ✔✔Standard to justify detention. Exists when
an officer has sufficient facts and info to make it reasonable to suspect that
criminal activity may be occurring and the person to be detained is connected to
that activity. Ex- appearance of person, actions, driving behaviors, knowledge of
person's history, demeanor, time of day, location, training/experience. Cannot
be based on a hunch or instinct.
Probable cause - ANSWER ✔✔To arrest exists when the totality of the
circumstances or "total atmosphere" of the case would cause a person of
Page 1 of 17
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER:
619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,ordinary care and prudence to entertain an honest and strong suspicion that the
person to be arrested is guilty of a crime.
Constitutional law - ANSWER ✔✔Formed by the rules and provisions found in
the federal and state constitutions.
Statutory law - ANSWER ✔✔or 'codified law' - consists of the written laws
enacted by a legislative body. (All crimes are statutory in CA. To be enforceable
a law must be written)
Case law - ANSWER ✔✔'precedent' - to interpret the constitution and to clarify
statutes.
Judicial review - ANSWER ✔✔Protects the rights of the individual from
unconstitutional legislation when state or federal branches declare certain
behavior to be criminal and punishable by law.
Letter of the law - ANSWER ✔✔means the law is strictly applied in accordance
with the literal meaning of the statute, leaving no room for interpretation.
Spirit of the law - ANSWER ✔✔means the law is applied in accordance with the
intent of the legislature, the promotion of fairness, and not soley in literal
compliance with the words of the statute.
Page 2 of 17
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER:
619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Interpretation of the law - ANSWER ✔✔each code provision must be
interpreted in regard to relationship to other statutes, intent of legislative body,
meanings of the words, and scope of its effect.
Criminal law - ANSWER ✔✔deals with violations of the criminal statutes. Such
violations are called crimes and are considered public wrongs against all people
of the State of CA. The consequence is prosecution. Punishment may include
death, incarceration, fines, removal or disqualification from office.
Civil law - ANSWER ✔✔deals with non-criminal violations or private wrongs
committed by one person against another. Civil wrong is called a 'tort' or
'breach of contract'. The purpose of civil law is to redress, or right a wrong.
Consequences include monetary compensation for the injured party, not
including incarceration.
Tort by omission - ANSWER ✔✔omission of an act or negligence may also be a
tort if it violates a legal duty owed to another person. Ex- Store owner failed to
alert customers of hazardous situation such as wet floor, resulting in injured
person. Store owner's failure to act could lead to civil action.
definition of a crime - ANSWER ✔✔collective wrong or act of omission in
violation of a law
Page 3 of 17
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER:
619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
