130 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A+(20252026)
Person-centered therapy: Therapy goals and techniques -
ANSWER-1. Primary goal is to help client achieve congruence
between the self and experience so that he or she can become a
more fully-functioning, self-actualizing person
2. Therapy is based on the premise that, when the right
environment is provided by the therapist, the client will achieve
congruence
High vs low context communication - ANSWER-1. High-context
communication is grounded in the situation, depends on group
understanding, relies heavily on nonverbal cues, helps unify a
culture, and is slow to change
2. Low-context communication relies primarily on the explicit,
verbal part of a
message
,Consequences of racial oppression on mental health - ANSWER-
1. Internalized oppression (e.g., system beating and blaming,
total avoidance of Whites)
2. Conceptual incarceration (adopting a WASP worldview and
lifestyle)
3. Split-self syndrome (polarizing oneself into good and bad
components, with the bad components representing ethnic
identity)
Ridley's Cultural vs functional paranoia - ANSWER-1. Cultural
paranoia: healthy reaction to racism when he/she does not
disclose to a white therapist due to a fear of being hurt or
misunderstood
2. Functional paranoia: unhealthy condition that itself is an
illness, where he/she is unwilling to disclose to any therapist,
regardless of race or ethnicity
Ridley's model: Four disclosure modes - ANSWER-1.
Intercultural nonparanoiac discloser (low functional paranoia,
low cultural paranoia)
,2. Functional paranoiac (high functional paranoia, low cultural
paranoia)
3. Health cultural paranoiac (Low functional paranoia, high
cultural paranoia)
4. Confluent paranoiac (High functional paranoia, high cultural
paranoia)
Ridley's model: Intercultural nonparanoiac discloser - ANSWER-
Client is willing to self disclose to an African American or Anglo
therapist
Ridley's model: Functional paranoiac - ANSWER-Clients are
nondisclosive to both African American and Anglo therapists
primarily due to pathology
Ridley's model: Healthy cultural paranoiac - ANSWER-Client is
willing to selfdisclose to an African American therapist but is
reluctant to disclose to an Anglo therapist due to past
experiences with racism and/or White therapist's attitudes and
beliefs
Ridley's model: Confluent paranoiac - ANSWER-Client is
nondisclosing to African American and Anglo therapists, with
, nondisclosure being due to a combination of pathology and the
effects of racism
Sexual stigma - ANSWER-Shared knowledge of society's
negative regard for any nonheterosexual behavior, identity,
relationship, or community
Heterosexism - ANSWER-Refers to cultural ideologies that
promote and perpetrate antipathy, hostility, and violence against
homosexuals
Sexual prejudice - ANSWER-Negative attitudes that are based on
sexual orientation
Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model (Atkinson, Morten, &
Sue, 1993): Five stages - ANSWER-1. Conformity (positive
attitudes and preference for dominant culture and depreciating
attitudes toward own culture)
2. Dissonance (marked confusion and conflict over the
contradictory appreciating and depreciating attitudes that one
has toward the self and toward others of the same and different
groups)