Chapter 25- Test Bank
According to Goldfield, crawling requires an external goal to motivate the infant to
combine and reorganize earlier motor schemes into new motor responses. This finding
offers the most support for which theory of motor skill development? - ANS dynamical
systems
\According to recent research, what triggers the adolescent growth spurt? - ANS growth
hormone in both males and females
\According to the research of Goldfield and colleagues, what is an important motivator
for the development of crawling? - ANS interesting visual stimuli that are out of reach
\Ahmad and his parents are living in a refugee camp because a civil war in their country
has displaced them from their land. Their diet consists of rice, corn, milk, and whatever
wild vegetation that they can procure. Very occasionally they are able obtain meat by
capturing small animals that invade the camp. Based on this description, what disorder
would you expect Ahmad to develop? - ANS kwashiorkor
\Although Edward could stand alone, he did not walk until the age of 14 months. Is
Edward's behaviour typical? - ANS Yes, he is still well within the normal range.
\Anna lives in Canada and her pen pal, Mazo, lives in a nonindustrialized developing
nation. As these two girls approach adolescence, what is most likely to happen to each
with respect to the timing of menarche? - ANS Anna will experience menarche before
Mazo.
\Anne is investigating the timing of the onset of puberty in a large sample of adolescents.
In her sample, she finds the correlation for identical twin pairs is almost twice that of
fraternal twin pairs, which in turn, is almost twice that of singleton siblings. Based on
this information, what can you conclude regarding the potential cause of pubertal
timing? - ANS Heredity plays a strong role in physical maturation.
\Astrocytes play a more important role in brain function than initially believed. What are
astrocytes? - ANS a type of oligodendrocyte
\Baby Maede can skillfully control the movements of her trunk and shoulders but not of
her hands and fingers. Which trend best characterizes Maede's motor skills? - ANS
proximodistal
\Based on research regarding the role of practice on locomotor development
cross-culturally, which statement best summarizes the conclusions regarding the role of
maturation? - ANS It is important but not sufficient.
\Based upon current research, what is the plasticity of the young child's brain
attributable to? - ANS An excess of neurons and synapses early in life
\Because of the "brain growth spurt," during which age range is the intake of adequate
protein particularly important? - ANS the last 3 months prenatally and the first two years
after birth
\Brain growth during which phase of development is characterized as the "brain growth
spurt"? - ANS the third trimester of pregnancy and infancy
\By what month of age are 90 percent of typical infants able to crawl? - ANS 9
, \By what month of age are 90 percent of typical infants able to roll over? - ANS 5
\During which developmental period do the most rapid gains in body height occur? - ANS
infancy and toddlerhood
\During which period of development does the thyroid gland first begin to produce the
hormone thyroxine? - ANS fetal
\During which period of development is myelinization completed? - ANS early adulthood
\During which phase of development do children experience the most rapid rate of
growth? - ANS early infancy and early adolescence
\During which phase of development do children experience the slowest rate of growth? -
ANS elementary school years
\Elaine is 12 months old, and her brother Peter is 4 years old. Their mother, Tara, was
recently divorced from their father, and although she continues to take care of her
children's basic needs, she has become depressed, unaffectionate, and withdrawn. If
Tara's pattern of behaviour continues for an extended period, what is the likely outcome
for the children? - ANS Elaine will develop nonorganic failure to thrive, whereas Peter will
develop signs of deprivation dwarfism.
\Fifteen-month-old Adelia is experiencing slow growth, performs poorly on tests of motor
skill and intellectual development, and is inattentive and listless. Adelia has a loving
mother, but her mother struggles to feed her children the foods that contain the
substances that promote normal growth. What is most likely lacking in Adelia's diet? -
ANS iron
\Heredity plays a role in obesity. What twin study results support this claim? - ANS
Identical twins raised apart have similar body weights.
\How are children diagnosed with deprivation dwarfism treated? - ANS They are removed
from their homes, and their emotional deprivation is treated.
\How do children's growth rates change as they move from infancy into the preschool
years? - ANS Growth slows down.
\How is the infant's growth rate most accurately described? - ANS as occurring in erratic
spurts
\In which direction does cephalocaudal development proceed? - ANS from the top of the
body downward
\In which direction does proximodistal development proceed? - ANS from the centre of
the body toward the extremities
\Infants and children typically show earlier motor and muscular control of activities
involving the neck and upper extremities than those involving the legs. What is this
called? - ANS cephalocaudal
\Is late sexual maturation often initially a social advantage for boys and girls? - ANS It is
a social disadvantage for boys and a social advantage for girls.
\Is the order of the motor sequence of sitting, standing, and walking consistent across
children? - ANS Yes, but the age of achieving each milestone varies considerably.
\Much like nonhuman primates, Simon holds an object by pressing his fingers against
his palm. What type of grasp is Simon using? - ANS ulnar
\Nine-year-old Nerine was a girl of small stature who had shown no change in her rate of
growth for two years. Nerine's mother was often away from home with friends, and
According to Goldfield, crawling requires an external goal to motivate the infant to
combine and reorganize earlier motor schemes into new motor responses. This finding
offers the most support for which theory of motor skill development? - ANS dynamical
systems
\According to recent research, what triggers the adolescent growth spurt? - ANS growth
hormone in both males and females
\According to the research of Goldfield and colleagues, what is an important motivator
for the development of crawling? - ANS interesting visual stimuli that are out of reach
\Ahmad and his parents are living in a refugee camp because a civil war in their country
has displaced them from their land. Their diet consists of rice, corn, milk, and whatever
wild vegetation that they can procure. Very occasionally they are able obtain meat by
capturing small animals that invade the camp. Based on this description, what disorder
would you expect Ahmad to develop? - ANS kwashiorkor
\Although Edward could stand alone, he did not walk until the age of 14 months. Is
Edward's behaviour typical? - ANS Yes, he is still well within the normal range.
\Anna lives in Canada and her pen pal, Mazo, lives in a nonindustrialized developing
nation. As these two girls approach adolescence, what is most likely to happen to each
with respect to the timing of menarche? - ANS Anna will experience menarche before
Mazo.
\Anne is investigating the timing of the onset of puberty in a large sample of adolescents.
In her sample, she finds the correlation for identical twin pairs is almost twice that of
fraternal twin pairs, which in turn, is almost twice that of singleton siblings. Based on
this information, what can you conclude regarding the potential cause of pubertal
timing? - ANS Heredity plays a strong role in physical maturation.
\Astrocytes play a more important role in brain function than initially believed. What are
astrocytes? - ANS a type of oligodendrocyte
\Baby Maede can skillfully control the movements of her trunk and shoulders but not of
her hands and fingers. Which trend best characterizes Maede's motor skills? - ANS
proximodistal
\Based on research regarding the role of practice on locomotor development
cross-culturally, which statement best summarizes the conclusions regarding the role of
maturation? - ANS It is important but not sufficient.
\Based upon current research, what is the plasticity of the young child's brain
attributable to? - ANS An excess of neurons and synapses early in life
\Because of the "brain growth spurt," during which age range is the intake of adequate
protein particularly important? - ANS the last 3 months prenatally and the first two years
after birth
\Brain growth during which phase of development is characterized as the "brain growth
spurt"? - ANS the third trimester of pregnancy and infancy
\By what month of age are 90 percent of typical infants able to crawl? - ANS 9
, \By what month of age are 90 percent of typical infants able to roll over? - ANS 5
\During which developmental period do the most rapid gains in body height occur? - ANS
infancy and toddlerhood
\During which period of development does the thyroid gland first begin to produce the
hormone thyroxine? - ANS fetal
\During which period of development is myelinization completed? - ANS early adulthood
\During which phase of development do children experience the most rapid rate of
growth? - ANS early infancy and early adolescence
\During which phase of development do children experience the slowest rate of growth? -
ANS elementary school years
\Elaine is 12 months old, and her brother Peter is 4 years old. Their mother, Tara, was
recently divorced from their father, and although she continues to take care of her
children's basic needs, she has become depressed, unaffectionate, and withdrawn. If
Tara's pattern of behaviour continues for an extended period, what is the likely outcome
for the children? - ANS Elaine will develop nonorganic failure to thrive, whereas Peter will
develop signs of deprivation dwarfism.
\Fifteen-month-old Adelia is experiencing slow growth, performs poorly on tests of motor
skill and intellectual development, and is inattentive and listless. Adelia has a loving
mother, but her mother struggles to feed her children the foods that contain the
substances that promote normal growth. What is most likely lacking in Adelia's diet? -
ANS iron
\Heredity plays a role in obesity. What twin study results support this claim? - ANS
Identical twins raised apart have similar body weights.
\How are children diagnosed with deprivation dwarfism treated? - ANS They are removed
from their homes, and their emotional deprivation is treated.
\How do children's growth rates change as they move from infancy into the preschool
years? - ANS Growth slows down.
\How is the infant's growth rate most accurately described? - ANS as occurring in erratic
spurts
\In which direction does cephalocaudal development proceed? - ANS from the top of the
body downward
\In which direction does proximodistal development proceed? - ANS from the centre of
the body toward the extremities
\Infants and children typically show earlier motor and muscular control of activities
involving the neck and upper extremities than those involving the legs. What is this
called? - ANS cephalocaudal
\Is late sexual maturation often initially a social advantage for boys and girls? - ANS It is
a social disadvantage for boys and a social advantage for girls.
\Is the order of the motor sequence of sitting, standing, and walking consistent across
children? - ANS Yes, but the age of achieving each milestone varies considerably.
\Much like nonhuman primates, Simon holds an object by pressing his fingers against
his palm. What type of grasp is Simon using? - ANS ulnar
\Nine-year-old Nerine was a girl of small stature who had shown no change in her rate of
growth for two years. Nerine's mother was often away from home with friends, and
